2022 Paper 1 (13/01/2025) Flashcards
Atomic Number Increase by 1?
This is beta minus decay as a neutron changes to a proton. The exchange particle responsible is a w- boson as charge is conserved and there’s a quark change and this signifies a weak interaction
Difference between emission spectrum and absorption spectrum involving atom?
Protons are energy carriers. In absorption spectrums atoms become excited and move to higher energy levels by photon absorption. In emission spectrums de-excitation happens when atoms move to lower energy states by emitting photons.
Beta Minus Decay Quark Character?
Down quark changes into an up quark
Graph evidence for antineutrino existence?
Closed graph means a fixed amount of energy released meaning another particle carries away the energy difference. Beta particles have a range of kinetic energies indicates its existence also
Reduced angle to horizontal?
If tension remains constant and the angle to the horizontal decreases it means the horizontal component must increase leading to a greater tension/force in the horizontal component
Methods to increase moment without design change?
In the weight of a pulley increase the weight, density, mass, volume to increase tension and hence the moment. Moving pulleys away from hinges increase its diameter meaning a greater angle which makes a greater component and moment. Decreasing angle of weighted pulleys rope so tension can be increased producing a greater moment. Increasing distance from hinge increases perpendicular distance which increases the moment.
Increasing Length of wire and effect on lamp in series?
The resistance in the wire will increase. This reduces the current through the lamp. The lamp then gets dimmer.
Increasing Length of wire and effect on lamp in parallel?
As length is increased the resistance will increase. This reduces the current in the battery. This increases the circuit’s external resistance and reduces the potential difference dropped across the internal resistance of the cell. This results in a higher terminal PD and consequently a brighter lamp.
Evidence for object in circular motion having a resultant force acting upon it?
Objects in circular motion are constantly changing direction and have velocity which isn’t constant. This means there is centripetal acceleration which due to Newtons 2nd Law F = MA causes a resultant force to act on this block due to this acceleration.
Air resistance effect on pendulum?
A lower amplitude is experienced as air resistance effect would take energy out the system. As energy is removed the maximum displacement of the pendulum lowers meaning a lower time period and increases frequency.
Refractive index greater in one material than another?
This is indicated by the light bending away from the normal otherwise the angle of refraction being greater than the angle of incidence if going from a material of higher refractive index to one of lower refractive index
Angle of incidence less than critical angle?
This means total internal reflection doesn’t occur which means instead of refracting out a ray refracts inside the block. It does this until there is an angle large enough to exit the block.
eVs?
Since stopping potential is Vs it means eVs is the maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron
Behaviour of coating of fluorescent tube?
The coating absorbs photons of ultraviolet light from the gas and emits visible light
Frequency of first harmonic, T going to 4T causes what harmonic after frequency 2f?
First Harmonic as nothing changes apart from T in: F = 1/2L x (√ T/µ). This is because the T is rooted making it 2 meaning there are no additional harmonics and this occurs on the first harmonic.
For a falling object what is an example of a pair of forces according Newtons 3rd Law?
Weight of object and the gravitational force of object from Earth
How to work out change of momentum of a ball?
Workout energy in the falling and rebounding phase. Then use these values to work out the velocities in each phase. Then the difference in velocity and the mass of the ball can be used to work out the momentum.
