2019 Paper 1 (18/03/2025) Flashcards
Consequence of electron capture?
There will be one fewer proton in the nucleus but will be an additional neutron
Properties of beta minus decay?
Beta minus decay involves the release of an antineutrino and an electron. Beta minus decay involves constituent change of nucleus as a protons transforms into a neutron. Beta minus decay has no change in orbiting electrons as it emits electrons from the nucleus. Beta minus emits a range of energies.
Stopping ray deviation on entering material?
This is done by the light ray being perpendicular otherwise normal to the surface
Stopping ray deviation on going between materials?
No deviation means no refraction can occur as it transitions between the materials. To stop this the materials have to be touching, otherwise no change of refractive index between materials. In addition, the materials the ray goes between have to have the same refractive index
Varying refractive index?
A varying refractive index will result in the path of a ray not being straight
Single Slit diffraction pattern properties?
Central maximum is wider than other maxima and the subsequent maxima will get further apart. The maxima and minima are also referred to as fringes and they are caused by constructive and destructive interference. All fringes have the same angular width and decrease in intensity the further away from the central maximum
Different monochromatic light effect on single slit diffraction pattern?
Light which is closer to red in colour will have longer wavelengths. Longer wavelengths result in more diffraction occurring. This results in larger fringe spacing with maxima and minima further apart as well as a wider central maximum
What is “d” in diffraction grating equation?
“d” is metres per line, otherwise the reciprocal (1/number of lines in a metre)
Appearance of maxima affected?
The maxima is affected when orders change and to compare try and find orders which appear at 90 degrees. Fringes will be wider as order increases, central maximum will stay the same, maxima get broader for these greater orders
Weight leading to no affect on tension?
If the weight and consequently centre of mass is at the pivot it means the moments balance and the sum of moments at that position is zero. This is due to clockwise and anti-clockwise moments being equal
Projectile not releasing horizontally?
The range will be increased from a vertical component being introduced. This increases time of flight is longer assuming this component isn’t negated by a smaller horizontal velocity. The range will decrease from the object being accelerated for less time leading to kinetic energy, velocity and range lowering.
Concrete wall compared to steel barrier?
Steel barrier increases time of contact as it has to deform and this transfers some of the energy to the barrier. This increases the impulse, otherwise changes in momentum, and a smaller impulse means smaller force.
Maximum positive velocity?
Maximum positive velocity is where there is a positive gradient. On a graph of simple harmonic motion the time this happens is the x-intercept of this part of the curve
Sound wave type and motion of particles?
Sound waves are longitudinal waves and they oscillate along the direction of energy transfer
Voltmeter in parallel with battery decreasing with brighter lamp?
Voltmeter reading of cell should be constant but its not indicates there is an internal resistance meaning terminal pd decreases. A brighter lamp means a higher current which means more internal resistance. This means the ratio of internal and external resistance is larger and internal resistance is larger proportional of total resistance
Cells in parallel and increased voltmeter reading?
The cells being in parallel doesn’t change EMF as two cells with the same EMF in parallel behave as one cell. This configuration means current through each cell is reduced so less lost volts and the ratio of internal and external resistance is less which is why voltmeter reading increases less resistance is experienced
Particles involved in beta plus decay?
Proton -> neutron + positron + electron neutrino with the exchange particle being a W+ boson
Earth potential difference?
0V
Different thicknesses of wire material?
Different thicknesses mean different resistance experienced meaning different potential difference
Temperature increase for negative temperature coefficient thermistor?
Resistance and voltage share will go down as a result of the increased temperature
Property of graphing kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is scalar meaning it doesn’t have negative values so graphing means curve doesn’t go into negative values
No mass change but increased damping?
Maximum amplitude goes down and frequency of oscillations is less. This means on an amplitude-frequency graph the peak is lower and the curve is shifted left and appearing slightly wider in shape
