2022 COPY Flashcards
What medication is contraindicated for a large colon impaction?
neostigmine ( can cause rupture of colon)
What drug do we administer in congestive heart failure?
- Digoxin
- Quinidine
- Enalapril
- Procainamide
Digoxin
Most common cause of death during GA:
Cardiac arrest
Fracture during recovery
Aspiration pneumonia
Diffuse myopathy
Cardiac arrest
Usage of metformin?
Increase insulin sensitivity
Admission route of DMSO:
IV
What causes this type of lesion?
Insect bite
dermatophilosis
foliacecus pemphigus
Lichenification
Sweet itch (insect bite hypersensitivity)
Cause of purpurarea haemo.?
Immune complex
Picture of papilloma?
Viral infection
Picture of inguinal region
Sarcoid
melanoma
carcinoma
Sarcoid
What is seen?
Ventricular defect
Aortic valve insufficiency
Aortic valve insufficiency
seminal plasma
(I can’t remember choices)
lowers pregnancy rate?
lowers plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN
heightens plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN
lowers plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN
X Rays cause the depletion of?
Germinal testicular cells
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Germinal testicular cells
What is the difference between a cow and an equine c- section?
The uterus is closed in 1 layer
The uterus is closed in 2 layers (Lecture notes state 3 layers)
Lembert and Cushing - interlocking suture around entire surgery wound, wound closure in 3 layers (reefing + Cushing)
Lembert and Cushing - interlocking suture around entire surgery wound, wound closure in 3 layers (reefing + Cushing)
Where does the embryo develop after fixation in the mare?
At the tip of the uterine horn on the cranio-dorsal side
At the tip of the uterine horn on the cranio-ventral side
At the bifurcation on the cranio-dorsal side
At the bifurcation on the cranio-ventral side
At the bifurcation on the cranio-ventral side
Tidal volume of a horse
5
Oxygen consumption of horse
2-3
5
10
At rest a horse absorbs 3 milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute
Where does the distal accessory ligament of the DDF run in an ultrasound?
Between the DDF and SDF
Between DDF and the Suspensory ligament
Between the DDF to the 3rd metacarpal bone
Between suspensory ligament and 3rd metacarpal bone
Between the DDF to the 3rd metacarpal bone
Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) symptoms?
Hirsutism
Weightloss
PU/PD
Immunosuppresion
Hirsutism
Anaesthesia in horse:
Alwasy closed
Which drug to prevent ileus:
AB
Lacative
Prokinetics
Probiotics
Prokinetics
8 year old horse brought in with fever, ataxia, tremors, dysphagia
Botulism
West nile
Guttural pouch mycosis
WN virus
What bacteria can you find in the uterus swap of a mare?
T. equigenitalis
S. equi ssp zooepidemicus
P. multicoccidia
K. pneumoniae
S. equi ssp zooepidemicus (40-60% prevalence)
Needle size of DIP nerve block?
20G
Which nerve anaeshtesia in case of low-4 point block?
Palmer digital and metacarpal
What is the PCV for chronic anemia?
PCV <15%
PCV <12%
Acute: PCV <15%
Chronic: PCV <12% consider transfusion!
Where to take sample in case of bacterial meningitis:
CSF
Herpes virus 1, myeloencephalitis, how to diagnose:
PCR
Role of copper in wound Healing:
Collagen synthesis
Epithelization
Both
None
Which breed is predisposed to atopic dermatitis:
Arabian
Appaloosa
Standarbreed
Pony/shetland
Arabian
How can you avoid blood clot/thrombosis?
Acetylsalicylic acid (*Irreversibly thins the blood!!)
Treatment of colitis:
Feed hay
AB
Give MG with NG tube
??
Feed hay
noo idea!
AB is not always used
When are the first elastic fibres formed in a wound?
48 hrs
5-7 days
4 weeks
20-28 days
4 weeks
48 hr = fibroblasts
5-7 = collagen
What EHV causes skin disorders?
EHV- 2
EHV-3
EHV-4
EHV-3 (Coital Exanthema)
EHV- 2 (foal resp) [EHV-1: Resp + CNS]
EHV-3 (Coital Exanthema)
EHV-4 (Rhinitis)
How do we examine stress fractures in the pelvis?
Scintigraphy
CT
MRI
Scintigraphy
What can we gain from blood samples using a Na citrate tube?
WBC count
Coagulation, aPTT, prothrombin & fibrinogen
Glucose and lactate
total protein
Coagulation, appt , proth…… is rett
WBC count = EDTA - Purple
Coagulation, aPTT, prothrombin & fibrinogen = blue
Glucose and lactate = Na-flurade - grey
When giving a tarsometatarsal nerve block, what other area can also be blocked?
Tarsocrural
Distal intertarsal joint
Proximal intertarsal joint
Tarsocrural
Which suture is this?
- Horizontal (U) Mattress suture
- Vertical (U) Mattress suture
- Simple Interrupted
- Subcutis
- Vertical (U) Mattress suture
There was an xray photo we want to see the dorsal medial aspect of the fetlock joint, what view?
LM
Dorsal-palmar
dorsal medial-palmar lateral oblique
Lateral palmer dorsal medial oblique
dorsal medial-palmar lateral oblique ??
Lateral palmer dorsal medial oblique - The view tells where the beam is coming from and the view we want to see os the one closest to the cassette
What parenchymal organ can you palpate rectally in a healthy horse?
Urinary bladder
Liver
Spleen
Stomach
Spleen ??
If a descemetocele is stained by fluorescein:
The Descemet’s membrane remains permanently stained
The stroma has stain uptake, but the Descemet’s membrane hasn’t
Superficial epithelial loss can be detected
The stroma hasn`t stain uptake, but the Descemet’s membrane has
The stroma has stain uptake, but the Descemet’s membrane hasn’t
To give a subconjunctival injection in an alert horse?
Maximum 3ml (cc) can be injected
Infraorbital nerve block should be used
Retrobulbar anaesthesia should be used
Topical anaesthesia should be used
Topical anaesthesia should be used
Which one of the following drugs is suitable for the treatment of equine metabolic syndrome?
Bromocryptine
Metformin
Cyproheptadine
Pergolide
Metformin
Which one of the following conditions is related to Vitamin E deficiency?
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Recurrent rhabdomyolysis
Tying up syndrome
Equine motor neuron disease
Equine motor neuron disease
On an ultrasound of the abdomen what is an abnormal finding?
horizontal taenia on right-hand side
epiploic foramen
Hilus of the spleen and stomach are together
intussusception of the small colon or intestines or something
intussusception of the small colon or intestines or something
Are antibiotics indicated in all cases of colitis?
- salmonella can be ruled out
- Laxatives can be used (no main sign of colitis is diarrhoea)
- Antibiotics are NOT always used
- Antibiotics are NOT always used
How can you treat an anterior (corneal?) abscess?
ERU Pars Plana Vitrectomy
What kind of surgical procedure can be used to treat a deep stromal corneal
abscess in a horse?
- Grid keratotomy
- Enucleation
- Pars plana vitrectomy
- Penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty
- Penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty
What kind of surgical procedure can be used to treat an indolent chronic
superficial corneal ulcer in a horse?
a) Trans palpebral enucleation
b) Subscleral cyclosporine implantation
c) Third eyelid flap
d) Superficial keratectomy or keratotomy
d) Superficial keratectomy or keratotomy
What kind of narcotic system is appropriate for equine anaesthesia?
- Closed circle
Which is a specific indicator of hepatic diseases?
- Indirect bilirubin
- Urine bilirubin
- Albumin
- LDH-3
- Urine bilirubin
What kind of diagnostic procedure should be performed in case of a deep melting
ulcer?
- cytology from cornea
- Microbiological sampling from the cornea
- Fluoresceine staining
- All listed above
- All listed above
Which is immune mediated?
-purpura haemorrhagica
Clinical signs of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy
- urinary incontinence
At what % do you need a transfusion after acute blood loss
<12%
At what % do you need a transfusion after acute blood loss
<12%
