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Equine final > 2022 > Flashcards

2022 Flashcards

1
Q

What medication is contraindicated for a large colon impaction?
􀶷 Butylscolpalamine
􀶷 lidocaine
􀶷 metronidazole
􀶷 neostigmine

A

neostigmine ( can cause rupture of colon)

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2
Q

What drug do we administer in congestive heart failure?
- Digoxin
- Quinidine
- Enalapril
- Procainamide

A

Digoxin

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3
Q

Most common cause of death during GA:
􀶷 Cardiac arrest
􀶷 Fracture during recovery
􀶷 Aspiration pneumonia
􀶷 Diffuse myopathy

A

Cardiac arrest

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4
Q

Usage of metformin?

A

Increase insulin sensitivity

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5
Q

Admission route of DMSO:

A

IV

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6
Q

What causes this type of lesion?
Insect bite
dermatophilosis
foliacecus pemphigus

A

Lichenification

Sweet itch (insect bite hypersensitivity)

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7
Q

Cause of purpurarea haemo.?

A

Immune complex

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8
Q

Picture of papilloma?

A

Viral infection

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9
Q

Picture of inguinal region
Sarcoid
melanoma
carcinoma

A

Sarcoid

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10
Q

What is seen?
Ventricular defect
Aortic valve insufficiency

A

Aortic valve insufficiency

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11
Q

seminal plasma
􀶷 (I can’t remember choices)
􀶷 lowers pregnancy rate?
􀶷 lowers plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN
􀶷 heightens plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN

A

lowers plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN

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12
Q

X Rays cause the depletion of?
􀶷 Germinal testicular cells
􀶷 Sertoli cells
􀶷 Leydig cells

A

􀶷 Germinal testicular cells

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13
Q

What is the difference between a cow and an equine c- section?
􀶷 The uterus is closed in 1 layer
􀶷 The uterus is closed in 2 layers (Lecture notes state 3 layers)
􀶷 Lembert and Cushing - interlocking suture around entire surgery wound, wound closure in 3 layers (reefing + Cushing)

A

􀶷 Lembert and Cushing - interlocking suture around entire surgery wound, wound closure in 3 layers (reefing + Cushing)

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14
Q

Where does the embryo develop after fixation in the mare?
􀶷 At the tip of the uterine horn on the cranio-dorsal side
􀶷 At the tip of the uterine horn on the cranio-ventral side
􀶷 At the bifurcation on the cranio-dorsal side
􀶷 At the bifurcation on the cranio-ventral side

A

􀶷 At the bifurcation on the cranio-ventral side

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15
Q

Tidal volume of a horse

A

5

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16
Q

Oxygen consumption of horse
2-3
5
10

A

At rest a horse absorbs 3 milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute

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17
Q

Where does the distal accessory ligament of the DDF run in an ultrasound?
􀶷 Between the DDF and SDF
􀶷 Between DDF and the Suspensory ligament
􀶷 Between the DDF to the 3rd metacarpal bone
􀶷 Between suspensory ligament and 3rd metacarpal bone

A

Between the DDF to the 3rd metacarpal bone

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18
Q

Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) symptoms?
􀶷 Hirsutism
􀶷 Weightloss
􀶷 PU/PD
􀶷 Immunosuppresion

A

Hirsutism

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19
Q

Anaesthesia in horse:

A

Alwasy closed

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20
Q

Which drug to prevent ileus:
AB
Lacative
Prokinetics
Probiotics

A

Prokinetics

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21
Q

8 year old horse brought in with fever, ataxia, tremors, dysphagia
􀶷 Botulism
􀶷 West nile
􀶷 Guttural pouch mycosis

A

WN virus

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22
Q

What bacteria can you find in the uterus swap of a mare?
􀶷 T. equigenitalis
􀶷 S. equi ssp zooepidemicus
􀶷 P. multicoccidia
􀶷 K. pneumoniae

A

S. equi ssp zooepidemicus (40-60% prevalence)

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23
Q

Needle size of DIP nerve block?

A

20G

24
Q

Which nerve anaeshtesia in case of low-4 point block?

A

Palmer digital and metacarpal

25
Q

What is the PCV for chronic anemia?
PCV <15%
PCV <12%

A

Acute: PCV <15%
Chronic: PCV <12% consider transfusion!

26
Q

Where to take sample in case of bacterial meningitis:

A

CSF

27
Q

Herpes virus 1, myeloencephalitis, how to diagnose:

A

PCR

28
Q

Role of copper in wound Healing:
Collagen synthesis
Epithelization
Both
None

A
29
Q

Which breed is predisposed to atopic dermatitis:
Arabian
Appaloosa
Standarbreed
Pony/shetland

A

Arabian

30
Q

How can you avoid blood clot/thrombosis?

A

􀶷 Acetylsalicylic acid (*Irreversibly thins the blood!!)

31
Q

Treatment of colitis:
Feed hay
AB
Give MG with NG tube
??

A

Feed hay

noo idea!

AB is not always used

32
Q

When are the first elastic fibres formed in a wound?
􀶷 48 hrs
􀶷 5-7 days
􀶷 4 weeks
􀶷 20-28 days

A

4 weeks

48 hr = fibroblasts
5-7 = collagen

33
Q

What EHV causes skin disorders?
􀶷 EHV- 2
􀶷 EHV-3
􀶷 EHV-4

A

􀶷 EHV-3 (Coital Exanthema)

􀶷 EHV- 2 (foal resp) [EHV-1: Resp + CNS]
􀶷 EHV-3 (Coital Exanthema)
􀶷 EHV-4 (Rhinitis)

34
Q

How do we examine stress fractures in the pelvis?
􀶷 Scintigraphy
􀶷 CT
􀶷 MRI

A

Scintigraphy

35
Q

What can we gain from blood samples using a Na citrate tube?
􀶷 WBC count
􀶷 Coagulation, aPTT, prothrombin & fibrinogen
􀶷 Glucose and lactate
􀶷 total protein

A

Total protein??

􀶷 WBC count = EDTA - Purple
􀶷 Coagulation, aPTT, prothrombin & fibrinogen = blue
􀶷 Glucose and lactate = Na-flurade - grey

36
Q

When giving a tarsometatarsal nerve block, what other area can also be blocked?
􀶷 Tarsocrural
􀶷 Distal intertarsal joint
􀶷 Proximal intertarsal joint

A

􀶷 Tarsocrural

37
Q

Which suture is this?
- Horizontal (U) Mattress suture
- Vertical (U) Mattress suture
- Simple Interrupted
- Subcutis

A
  • Vertical (U) Mattress suture
38
Q

There was an xray photo 􀍴 we want to see the dorsal medial aspect of the fetlock joint, what view?
􀶷 LM
􀶷 Dorsal-palmar
􀶷 dorsal medial-palmar lateral oblique
􀶷 Lateral palmer dorsal medial oblique

A

􀶷 dorsal medial-palmar lateral oblique ??

􀶷 Lateral palmer dorsal medial oblique - The view tells where the beam is coming from and the view we want to see os the one closest to the cassette

39
Q

What parenchymal organ can you palpate rectally in a healthy horse?
􀶷 Urinary bladder
􀶷 Liver
􀶷 Spleen
􀶷 Stomach

A

Spleen ??

40
Q

If a descemetocele is stained by fluorescein:
􀶷 The Descemet’s membrane remains permanently stained
􀶷 The stroma has stain uptake, but the Descemet’s membrane hasn’t
􀶷 Superficial epithelial loss can be detected
􀶷 The stroma hasn`t stain uptake, but the Descemet’s membrane has

A

􀶷 The stroma has stain uptake, but the Descemet’s membrane hasn’t

41
Q

To give a subconjunctival injection in an alert horse?
􀶷 Maximum 3ml (cc) can be injected
􀶷 Infraorbital nerve block should be used
􀶷 Retrobulbar anaesthesia should be used
􀶷 Topical anaesthesia should be used

A

􀶷 Topical anaesthesia should be used

42
Q

Which one of the following drugs is suitable for the treatment of equine metabolic syndrome?
􀶷 Bromocryptine
􀶷 Metformin
􀶷 Cyproheptadine
􀶷 Pergolide

A

􀶷 Metformin

43
Q

Which one of the following conditions is related to Vitamin E deficiency?
􀶷 Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
􀶷 Recurrent rhabdomyolysis
􀶷 Tying up syndrome
􀶷 Equine motor neuron disease

A

􀶷 Equine motor neuron disease

44
Q

On an ultrasound of the abdomen what is an abnormal finding?
􀶷 horizontal taenia on right-hand side
􀶷 epiploic foramen
􀶷 Hilus of the spleen and stomach are together
􀶷 intussusception of the small colon or intestines or something

A

􀶷 intussusception of the small colon or intestines or something

45
Q

Are antibiotics indicated in all cases of colitis?
- salmonella can be ruled out
- Laxatives can be used (no main sign of colitis is diarrhoea)
- Antibiotics are NOT always used

A
  • Antibiotics are NOT always used
46
Q

How can you treat an anterior (corneal?) abscess?

A

ERU Pars Plana Vitrectomy

47
Q

What kind of surgical procedure can be used to treat a deep stromal corneal
abscess in a horse?
- Grid keratotomy
- Enucleation
- Pars plana vitrectomy
- Penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty

A
  • Penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty
48
Q

What kind of surgical procedure can be used to treat an indolent chronic
superficial corneal ulcer in a horse?
a) Trans palpebral enucleation
b) Subscleral cyclosporine implantation
c) Third eyelid flap
d) Superficial keratectomy or keratotomy

A

d) Superficial keratectomy or keratotomy

49
Q

What kind of narcotic system is appropriate for equine anaesthesia?

A
  • Closed circle
50
Q

Which is a specific indicator of hepatic diseases?
- Indirect bilirubin
- Urine bilirubin
- Albumin
- LDH-3

A
  • Urine bilirubin
51
Q

What kind of diagnostic procedure should be performed in case of a deep melting
ulcer?
- cytology from cornea
- Microbiological sampling from the cornea
- Fluoresceine staining
- All listed above

A
  • All listed above
52
Q

Which is immune mediated?

A

-purpura haemorrhagica

53
Q

Clinical signs of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy

A
  • urinary incontinence
54
Q

At what % do you need a transfusion after acute blood loss

A

<12%

55
Q

At what % do you need a transfusion after acute blood loss

A

<12%

Equine final (5 decks)

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