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Path Past > 2017 > Flashcards

2017 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. After a lady receives a blood transfusion and platelets, she goes home and develops a rash all over [‘several hours later’]
A

Allergic reaction

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2
Q
  1. A man after a road traffic accident (Man vs Car) requires a 6 unit transfusion, and then becomes acutely breathless/SOB, with a fever and tachycardia
A

TRALI

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3
Q
  1. A Man has had (a diagnosis of) beta thalassemia since 13 months of age. (?and receives regular transfusions?). He presents to an outpatient clinic with malaise and erectile dysfunction
A

Haemosiderosis

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4
Q
  1. Alcoholic has an AAA repair, and several days later develops a fever, with low Hb, and jaundice.
A

Delayed transfusion reaction

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5
Q
  1. A Lady with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) requires regular monthly blood transfusions. 10 minutes after another transfusion (her latest transfusion), she becomes tachycardic, has transfusion site pain, and [hypertensive], what is the cause?
A

Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

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6
Q
  1. A teenage girl who when she goes cross country running gets an erythematous rash on her legs. It is well controlled by antihistamines
A

Cold urticaria

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7
Q
  1. Man can eat apple pie. But if he eats fresh apples and pears, he gets inflamed lips
A

Oral allergy syndroem

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8
Q
  1. Man has an allergic reaction during surgery and who’s lips becomes swollen/oedematous when blowing up balloons as his daughter’s birthday party
A

Type I latex allergy

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9
Q
  1. Bloated after drinking milk but not IgE mediated
A

Lactose Intolerance

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10
Q
  1. A girl with a sore throat is given penicillin and develops a rash. She is found to have EBV.
A

Drug Reaction

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11
Q
  1. Patient with high IgG paraprotein – (32 or 40) g/dl, back pain and loss of sensation in legs
A

Multiple Myeloma

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12
Q
  1. Patient with IgM paraprotein and visual disturbances
A

Waldenstroms Macroglobulinaemia

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13
Q
  1. A German lady who is asymptomatic, has low neutrophils, but no abnormal cells on film
A

Chronic Idiopathic Neutropenia

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14
Q
  1. A man is injured playing sports. He is found to have pancytopenia and immature myeloid cells on blood film. WCC normal.
A

AML

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15
Q
  1. An overweight individual with diabetes has longstanding bone/back pain. They are found to have paraprotein IgA ~8g/dl, and GFR 55mls/min/1.73m^2. FBC normal and albumin normal.
A

MGUS

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16
Q

Raised IgG proteins with somewhat deranged CRAB signs but not quite there yet

A

Smouldering Myeloma

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17
Q

Listeria meningitis treatment

A

Amoxicillin + Gentamycin

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18
Q

Mild CAP treatment

A

Amoxicillin

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19
Q

Strep Throat treatment

A

Benzylpenicillin

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20
Q
  1. Which/What cell sits in (it’s immature form in) the periphery, and when it matures, goes to present things to T cells?
A

Dendritic Cell

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21
Q
  1. Which/what cell is inhibited by the presence of MHC1 on cells?
A

NK Cells

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22
Q
  1. Which/What cell is increased in cases of a parasitic infection.
A

Eosinophils

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23
Q
  1. Which/What cell undergoes positive and negative selection in the thymus.
A

T lymphocytes

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24
Q
  1. When there is an infection. This cell is responsible for the production of pus (when it dies).
A

Neutrophils

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25
Q
  1. Most common type of malignancy in the breast?
A

DCIS

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26
Q
  1. Which/What cancer is also known as non-specific type?
A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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27
Q
  1. Which/What cancer is associated with the presence of E cadherins?
A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

IF e-cadherins negative, invasive lobular carcinoma

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28
Q
  1. Breast Cancer which has a high, medium and low stage to it.
A

DCIS

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29
Q
  1. Fibro-epithelial tumour with abundant stromal elements.
A

Phylloides Tumour

30
Q

boy’s father has TB. The same boy develops a mycobacterium infection, following their BCG.

A

IFN gamma deficiency

31
Q

Which of these options causes DIC (in pregnancy)?

ABO incompatibility
Maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
Gestational thrombocytopenia
Increased fibrinolysis
Amniotic fluid embolism
Low Plasma Volume
Neutropenia
MAHA 
Iron deficiency anaemia
Complement C7 deficiency
A

Amniotic fluid embolism

32
Q

Which of these is similar or has an association with HELLP syndrome?

ABO incompatibility
Maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
Gestational thrombocytopenia
Increased fibrinolysis
Amniotic fluid embolism
Low Plasma Volume
Neutropenia
MAHA 
Iron deficiency anaemia
Complement C7 deficiency
A

MAHA

33
Q

Normal change in pregnancy

ABO incompatibility
Maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
Gestational thrombocytopenia
Increased fibrinolysis
Amniotic fluid embolism
Low Plasma Volume
Neutropenia
MAHA 
Iron deficiency anaemia
Complement C7 deficiency
A

Increased fibrinolysis

34
Q

Cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia

ABO incompatibility
Maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
Gestational thrombocytopenia
Increased fibrinolysis
Amniotic fluid embolism
Low Plasma Volume
Neutropenia
MAHA 
Iron deficiency anaemia
Complement C7 deficiency
A

ITP

35
Q

Which/What cancer can the Bruton Tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib be used in?

a. Bruton’s
b. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
c. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
d. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
e. Chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia (CLL)

A

CLL

36
Q

Rhesus D negative woman is having a Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and is CMV IgG negative. What is the most important thing to ensure in the transplant?

a. HLA of donor and recipient identical
b. Related to recipient and HLA identical
c. HLA haploidentical
d. CMV IgG negative
e. Donor not Rhesus match

A

CMV igG Negative

37
Q

Which of these vaccines must not be given to a pregnant woman:

a. MMR
b. Hep B
c. DTP

A

MMR

38
Q

There are 5 special drug treatments. Which drug can be used to treat some malignancies and affects T cell activity?

a. Infliximab
b. Pembrolizumab
c. Rituximab

A

Rituximab

39
Q

Which of these is a common finding in someone who has portal hypertension?

a. Splenomegaly
b. Hepatomegaly
c. Spider Naevi in distribution of Superior vena cava (SVC)
d. Hand flapping
e. Jaundice

A

Portal Hypertension

40
Q

A man has gout and is kept up at night by it. His symptoms are relieved by ibuprofen, but when he stops taking it, the symptoms come back. His neighbour is on allopurinol, and he would like to be on it too. Which of these medications would need to be altered for them to be able to be prescribed allopurinol?

Azathiprine
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Aspirin

A

Azathioprine

41
Q

Woman over 25 years of age. In theatres you overhear a surgeon who says they have just found one of the most common malignant ovarian tumours: with psammoma bodies

A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

42
Q

Man presents with ulcers on mouth following treatment with a drug, erythema multiforme but worse

A

stevens johnsons syndrome

43
Q

Most common benign ovarian tumour

A

serous cystadenoma

44
Q

Most common benign germ cell ovarian tumours in young women

A

Teratomas

45
Q

Associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

46
Q

Benign cyst lined by mucin secreting epithelial tumour

A

Mucinous cystadenoma

47
Q

Metastases from a gastrointestinal tumour resulting in a mucin-secreting signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma in the ovaries

A

Krukenburg tumour

48
Q

germ cell tumour secreting AFP

A

yolk sac tumour

49
Q

endometrial hyperplasia due to oestrogen secreting tumour

A

Granulosa cell tumour

50
Q

ascites, pleural effusion and tumour in Meigs syndrome

A

Fibroma

51
Q
  1. The wall of vessels expresses anti-thrombotic factors why is this?
    a. Because it secretes Tissue factor
    b. Because it secrete Thrombomodulin
    c. Because it secretes Von Willebrand factor
A

Walls secrete thrombomodulin

52
Q

Cushing disease person – Which is the best investigation to confirm the suspected diagnosis?

a. High dose dexamethasone suppression test
b. low dose dexamethasone suppression test,
c. long synacthen test
d. short synacthen test

A

High dose suppression

53
Q
  1. Which vector transmits Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense?
    a. Anopheles mosquitoes
    b. Sandfly
    c. Tsetse Fly
    d. Aedes
A

Tsetse

54
Q
  1. Which of these ions (K, CL, Na, Mg, ,,,,,) is most likely to be outside it’s normal range in an alkalotic picture (& if person is urinating a lot????)?
    a. Potassium
    b. Calcium
    c. Sodium
    d. Magnesium
A

Sodium due to urinating a lot

55
Q
  1. 50 year old man with Midshaft femur fracture – what would you find at the site of the break/fracture (or rather, which/what type of cancer does he have)?
    a. Neuroblastoma,
    b. Osteosarcoma
    c. Ewing’s sarcoma
    d. Chondrosarcoma
    e. Adenocarcinoma
A

Chondrosarcoma

Because a is wrong. B and C affect young people. e is quite vague

56
Q

HAP most common pathogen?

A

Staph Aureus

57
Q
  1. Which feature is characteristic of acute lymphoblastic anaemia (ALL) –
    a. anaemia and thrombocytopenia
    b. neutropenia
    c. macrocytosis
    d. raised lymphocytes
A

Neutropenia

58
Q

Acute Dialysis Indications

A 
Acidosis
Electrolyte imbalance
Intoxicants
Overload
Uraemia
59
Q

What does Denosumab target?

A

RANK-L receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa b ligand

60
Q

A [woman or man] develops signs of hyperthyroidism. Bloods show low TSH and high thyroxine. Does not have good uptake on technetium scan. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

de qurvains thyroiditis

61
Q

Good uptake on technetium scan and hyperthyroid

A

Grave’s disease

62
Q

Which clotting factor falls most rapidly after administering warfarin?

A

VII

63
Q

Both mother and grandmother had medullary thyroid carcinoma, and have tested positive for MEN2. What [biomarker/protein] would be raised in the blood to confirm medullary thyroid cancer?

A

Calcitonin

64
Q

What drug is used to treat severe falciparum malaria?

A

Artesunate

Quinine maybe

65
Q

An African man, with Burkitt’s lymphoma is given Rasburicase. He develops haematuria with irregularly contracted cells. What is the cause?

A

G6PDD

66
Q

A patient required an aortic valve replaced 3 months ago. They have now come back a few weeks later with jaundice, Hb-urea (haemoglobinuria), and raised reticulocytes. What is the cause?

A

Haemolytic Anaemia

67
Q

What cancer is present if keratin and intercellular bridges are present?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

68
Q

Which common condition can be treated with drugs that target with TNF, IL-17 and IL-12/23?

A

Psoriasis

Maybe RA

69
Q
  1. What zoonotic disease does the Ixodes Tick cause?
A

Lyme disease

70
Q

MECP2 mutation causes

A

Rett Syndrome

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