2016 physiology endterm

Question 1

A stenosis in the carotid artery reduces its diameter by 75%, What fold increase likely to occur in the resistance to blood flow? 
a- 75 fold         
b- 150 fold        
c- 256 fold              
d- 512 fold

Answer 1

c- 256 fold

Question 2

What it is the most important buffer in urine?
a- Bicarbonate
b- Protein
c- Phosphate

Answer 2

c- Phosphate

Question 3

Following data were recorded from an esophageal monitor, Diameter of descending aorta is 30mm and the mean aortic blood velocity 12cm/sec, What is the blood flow in L/min of ascending aorta?

Answer 3

5.01 L/min

Question 4

25 years old female, height 175 cm and weight 60 kg, what is her fat %?

Answer 4

23.8

Question 5

What physiologically change can happen to an elderly healthy individual during cold stress?
a- increase skin blood flow
b- increase sweat gland function
c- decreased peripheral vasoconstriction
d- increased thermogenic shivering

Answer 5

c- decreased peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 6

How is LTP is induced?
a- High frequency stimulations and stimulate EPSP
b- Low frequency stimulation and low Ca+

Answer 6

a- High frequency stimulations and stimulate EPSP

Question 7

What is the function of calcitonin?
a- increase calcium reabsorption by the kidney
b- increase calcium secretion by the kidney
c- increase bone resorption

Answer 7

b- increase calcium secretion by the kidney

Question 8

What is the mechanism underlying associative property of LTP in short term memory?
A. Strong and weak signals
B. Two strong signals

Answer 8

A. Strong and weak signals

Question 9

What will happen if blood Na levels are low?
a- Na-k ATPase is activated
b- K+ channels are down regulated
c- K+ channels are internalized
d- The density of epithelial sodium channels is decreased

Answer 9

a- Na-k ATPase is activated

Question 10

Which subject has the biggest daily dietary acid load?
a- a person with Carbohydrates diet
b- a person with mixed diet
c- a person with protein diet
d- a person with vegan diet

Answer 10

c- a person with protein diet

Question 11

Which GIT hormone promotes the desire for food?
a- Ghrelin
b-cholecytokinin
c- glucagon like peptide 1

Answer 11

a- Ghrelin

Question 12

A healthy subject loaded with a large amount of acid (H+ ions) due to increase lactic acid production during heavy and prolonged exercise. Which parameter will be largely affected by exercise?
a- PH in ECF
b- PH in ICF
c- Concentration of HCO3- in ECF

Answer 12

c- Concentration of HCO3- in ECF

Question 13

Where does ATP bind in Myosin 1 ?
a- TH1
b- Motor domain
c- actin binding site

Answer 13

b- Motor domain

Question 14

0.2 L/min= O2
0.2 L/min =CO2
BSA= 1.6 m2 (Energy equivalent : 5.01 CARBS - 4.7 FAT)
What is the BMR?

Answer 14

no answer

Question 15

What type of glucose transport occurs in glucose sodium transport? 
a- primary active transport     
b- simple diffusion      
c- facilitated diffusion             
d- secondary active transport

Answer 15

d- secondary active transport

Question 16

What is the % of heat loss by radiation during exercise?
a- 22%
b- 5%
c- 15%

Answer 16

b- 5%

Question 17

What happens during LTP?
a- Increase AMPA
b- Decrease neurotransmitter in presynaptic

Answer 17

a- Increase AMPA

Question 18

What causes relaxation in smooth muscle ?
a- Activation of L- type channel
b- inhibition of Rho Kinase

Answer 18

b- inhibition of Rho Kinase

Question 19

What is the receptor that activates cardiomyocytes?
a- alpha 1
b- beta 1
c- alpha 2

Answer 19

b- beta 1

Question 20

Which molecules transport vesicles retrograde and anterograde?
a- Actin, myosin 1
b-Catherin , myosin 1
c- kinesin, dynein

Answer 20

c- kinesin, dynein

Question 21

What is the role of microtubules in neurons?
a- fixation of the nucleus
b- Vesicle transport

Answer 21

b- Vesicle transport

Question 22

Upon the increase of plasma cortisol levels, -ve feedback is activated. What pituitary hormone is consequently decreased?
a- CRH
b- ACTH

Answer 22

b- ACTH

Question 23

Cumulative increase of intracellular concentration of what results in tetanic contraction of skeletal muscle? 
a- K+         
b-Na+     
c- ATP     
d- Ca++

Answer 23

d- Ca++

Question 24

What is the statement that best describes a motor unit of skeletal muscle?
a- Skeletal muscles that contract at the same time
b- One skeletal muscle is innervated by many neurons
c- Small motor units are recruited before the large ones

Answer 24

c- Small motor units are recruited before the large ones

Question 25

What describes anchoring junction ?
a- conduction of signals
b- connecting the cytoskeleton of two cells

Answer 25

b- connecting the cytoskeleton of two cells

Question 26

PH = 7.35 (7.38-7.42)
[HCO3-] = 19 (24-26) 
PaCO2= 32 (38-42) 
What is the acid – base status ? 
a- metabolic acidosis        
b- metabolic alkalosis    
c- respiratory acidosis     
d- respiratory alkalosis

Answer 26

a- metabolic acidosis

Question 27

the pressure of the pulmonary artery with diameter 30mm and wall thickness 0.16mm has increased from 1.8kPA to 3.5kPA. What can normalize wall stress due to the increase in pressure?
a- increase in thickness from 0.16cm to 0.32 cm
b- decrease in diameter from 3.2cm to 3 cm

Answer 27

a- increase in thickness from 0.16cm to 0.32 cm

Question 28

Oral glucose consumption stimulates insulin production more than IV glucose infusion. Which of the following chemicals is responsible for this phenomenon?
a- Ghrelin
b- Leptin
c- Glucose like peptide 1

Answer 28

c- Glucose like peptide 1

Question 29

Which ion is used to enhance ATP use in F-actin ?
a- Ca
b- Na
c- Mg

Answer 29

c- Mg

Question 30

Which mechanism is activated by thermoregulatory centers in response to the cold environment?
a- Activation of sweat glands
b- Dilation of dermal arteries
c- Activity of thyroid gland

Answer 30

c- Activity of thyroid gland

Question 31

Which is responsible for calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum?
a- Mechanosensitive
b- L-Type
c- Ryanodine receptor channel

Answer 31

c- Ryanodine receptor channel

Question 32

What best explains glucose intolerance in obese people?
a- diabetes
b- sub-inflammatory state

Answer 32

b- sub-inflammatory state

Question 33

What is a person diet if O2 consumption is 0.16 L/min and CO2 production is 0.11 L/min?
a- mixed
b- fat diet

Answer 33

b- fat diet

Question 34

What is best situation for high affinity of O2?
a- High PH
b- High temperature
c- Low PH

Answer 34

a- High PH

Question 35

PH= 7.2    CO2 = 36 (low)       HCO3- =18 (low) 
a- metabolic acidosis        
b- metabolic alkalosis  
c- respiratory acidosis     
d- respiratory alkalosis

Answer 35

d- respiratory alkalosis

Question 36

PH= 7.2 (low)   CO2 = 36 (low)       HCO3- =18 (low) 
a- metabolic acidosis        
b- metabolic alkalosis  
c- respiratory acidosis     
d- respiratory alkalosis

Answer 36

a- metabolic acidosis