2015 module exam Flashcards
What is the mechanism by which the ions above are regulated in pancreatic secretions?
An exchanger transporter
RCT for pprevention of colorectal cancer in patients with lynch syndrome reported 5 years CI of 4.2% in aspirin group and 6.9% in placebo group.
What measure is calculated as the inverse of the difference between the two incidence estimates?
A. NNT B. CI C. relative hazard D. OR E. Kaplan meir curve
A. NNT
RCT for pprevention of colorectal cancer in patients with lynch syndrome reported 5 years CI of 4.2% in aspirin group and 6.9% in placebo group.
What can be used in a cox regression model to figure out confounding?
A. NNT B. CI C. relative hazard D. OR E. Kaplan meir curve
C. relative hazard
It is used in treatment of acid reflux and may cause gynecomastia and galactorrhea?
Cimetidine
A 9-year-old boy with a rectal polyp that is bleeding. After excision of the polyp, the biopsy showed dilated glands filled with mucin and inflammatory debris. What is the diagnosis?
A. Inflammatory polyp
B. Hyperplastic polyp
C. Sessile serrated adenoma D. Hamartomatous polyp
D. Hamartomatous polyp
A patient with Clostridium difficile infection is treated successfully with?
A. Clindamycin
B. Cephalosporin
C. Metronidazole
C. Metronidazole
A 49-year-old woman, known case of rheumatoid arthritis on NSAIDs therapy, presents with recent weight gain. Upon examination there was massive ascites, and lower limb edema. Liver was palpable 3cm below costal margin. BP and vital signs were normal. She has Hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria (5gm/24 hrs). She had recently (few weeks before) traveled to South East Asia. What is the most likely of hepatomegaly?
A. Fatty liver disease B. Acute hepatitis C. Hepatic amyloidosis D. Autoimmune hepatitis E. NSAIDs induced
C. Hepatic amyloidosis
Which nerve carry the efferent for the cremasteic reflex?
A. Subcostal n.
B. Lateral cutaneous n.
C. Genetofemoral n.
D. Ilioinguinal n.
C. Genetofemoral n.
A biopsy of a polyp in a 49-year-old woman showed glands with finger like projection and dysplastic
A. Villous adenoma
B. Tubular adenoma
C. Invasive adenocarcinoma D. Hamartomatous polyp
A. Villous adenoma
Which colonic polyp has the highest chance of malignant transformation on follow up?
A. Tubular polyp
B. Villous polyp
C. Inflamatory polyp D. Hypertrophic polyp E. Traditional serrated
B. Villous polyp
Which of the following is used to confirm the diagnosis of colonic adenomas arising from colonic mucin polyp?
A. Positivefamilyhistory
B. Evidence of epithelial dysplasia on microscopy
C. Recurrence of polyp after polypectomy
D. Evidence of genetic mutations
B. Evidence of epithelial dysplasia on microscopy
The bile duct is posterior to which part of the duodenum?
A. First part
B. Second part
C. Third part
D. 4th part
A. First part
A tumor is compressing the structures that traverse jugular foramen. Decreased secretions of which gland may be observed in the patient?
A. lacrimal gland
B. submandibular gland
C. mucus glands innasopharynx
D. parotid gland
D. parotid gland
A 15 years old case presented with elevated unconjugated bilirubin but no serious health problems
Gilbert’s syndrome
A 32 years old women presents with stomach cancer and mucocutaneous pigmentation. Her family history is positive for breast and uterine cancer and STK11 mutation was found upon genetic testing. What is the diagnosis?
A. Peutz jeghers syndrome
B. Juvenile polyposis
C. HNPCC
A. Peutz jeghers syndrome
A 42-year-old African American teacher presented with fresh blood in his stool. He mentioned that he has been diagnosed with hemorrhoids from sport staining. Everything else is normal. What would you suggest
A. occult blood
B. colonoscopy
C. Digital rectal exam
D. Flexible sigmoidoscopy
?
Motor Incoordination of pharyngeal innervation causes swallowing difficulties in a middle aged women. Which muscles is the basis of this finding?
A. Cricopharyngues B. Middleconstricter C. Thyropharyngues D. Palatopharyngues E. Stylopharyngeues
A. Cricopharyngues
During a surgery for bowel perforation repair, ulcerated swollen peyer’s patches is seen in the terminal ileum of the patient. Which could be the cause?
A. salmonella typhi
B. Tb of th terminal ileum
C. Chron’s Disease
A. salmonella typhi
what is the most common cause of pernicious anemia?
A. autommunity against intrinsic factor
B. irresponsible medication use
A. autommunity against intrinsic factor
What forms superficial inguinal ring.
A. transversalis aponeurosis B. external oblique aponeurosis C. internal oblique aponeurosis D. median umbilical ligament E. medial umbilical ligament
B. external oblique aponeurosis
Why famotidine reduces the effect of sucralfate?
A. Inhibition of protonpump
B. Inhibition of prostaglandin
C. Induces CYP450
D. Reduces the acidity of stomach
D. Reduces the acidity of stomach
Receives the preganglionic sympathetic fibers from greater splanchnic nerve?
A. celiac ganglion B. supperior mesentric ganglion C. inferior hypogastric plexus D. aurebach’s plexus E. missenier’s plexus
A. celiac ganglion
After truncal vagotomy, how does the stomach continue to secrete gastrin?
Distention of the stomach activates the enteric nervous system
A 63-year-old man with known chronic alcoholic liver disease, developed sudden ascites. On investigation, he had a 7 cm mass in the right lobe of his liver. What is going on?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Upon looking at a liver resection biopsy under the microscope, what makes you think of liver cell carcinoma?
A. irregular tumor border B. sizeofmore7cm C. central scarring D. Central necrosis E. Surrounding cirrhotic tissue
E. Surrounding cirrhotic tissue
What does the bile duct traverse through?
A. Hepatoduodenal ligament
B. Hepatogastric ligament
A. Hepatoduodenal ligament
The internal oblique abdominal muscle contributes to the formation of which structure?
A. Deep inguinal ring B. Inguinal ligament C. Reflected inguinal ligament D. Conjoint tendon E. Internal spermatic fascia
D. Conjoint tendon
A cholecystectomy specimen showed multiple black stones. What is the possible history behind that?
A. advance age B. Oralcontraceptives C. insulin resistance D. hereditary spherocytosis E. Hormone replacement therapy
D. hereditary spherocytosis
The low pH of the stomach antrum causes the release of which of the following?
A. Secretin
B. Somatostatin
B. Somatostatin
Which of the following results in significant decrease of albumin?
A. Liver cirrhosis
B. HAV infection
C. NAFLD
A. Liver cirrhosis
what divides the subphrenic space?
A. Coronary ligament
B. Falciform ligament
B. Falciform ligament
A 9-month-old girl presents with 2 day history of fever, nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. Stool sample showed rotavirus. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A. rotateq
B. Oral rehydration therapy
C. Isolation
B. Oral rehydration therapy
A 54 year old man with long-standing sclerosing cholangitis developed a liver neoplasm that found by CT. A biopsy showed glandular epithelial malignant cell. What is the diagnosis?
Cholangiocarcinoma
How will a surgeon know the part he is holding is the jejunum not theileum?
A. Long vasa recta
B. Many arcades
C. Fat pockets
D. Right iliac fossa
A. Long vasa recta
What is the mechanism of action of Omepzarole?
Inhibiting H+/K+ ATPase on apical surface of parietal cells
A 52-year-old male comes to routine physical examination. He feels well, has no significant medical history, no medication taken, no family history for colorectal cancer, with normal physical and complete blood count. However, he was positive for fecal occult blood test. What should be done next?
A. Colonoscopy
B. flexible sigmoidoscopy
C. repeat fecal occult test
D. digital rectal examination
A. Colonoscopy
Tumor cells of parotid gland biopsy were laden with mitochondria. What is he diagnosis?
A. Oncocytoma
B. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
C. Warthin’s tumor
D. Pleomorphic adenoma
A. Oncocytoma
What can be diagnosed without a liver biopsy?
A. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
B. Autoimmune hepatitis
C. NAFLD
D. Primary billiary cholangitis E. Drug induced hepatitis
?
A patient experienced diarrhea after a long antibiotic course treatment? Which of the following could be the one?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Metronidazole
C. clindamycin
C. clindamycin
A surgeon dissected the mucosa and submucosa of the oropharyngeal lumen in a procedure to remove a retropharyngeal tumor. Which layer will he incise next?
A. Buccopharyngeal fascia B. Circularmusclelayer C. Longitudinal muscle layer D. pharyngobasilar fascia E. Prevertebral fascia
D. pharyngobasilar fascia
A 24 year old man developed diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting 4 hrs. after eating fried rice. What could be the possible causative agent?
A. B. cereus
B. S. aureus
C. C. Jejunei
A. B. cereus
What is the most common source of vibrio parahemolyticus?
Seafood (shellfish)
The postganglionic parasympathetic for the sublingual salivary gland pass through which nerve?
Lingual nerve