2012 final Flashcards
A 25-year old patient underwent an ultrasound which showed an echogenic mass. Further studies on CT showed nodular enhancement with IV contrast and centripetal filling contrast in delayed scan. Diagnose.
Hepatic hemangioma
A 49-year old male presented with weight loss despite good appetite. He had loose voluminous stool. The fecal fat content was high. This is a radiograph from the patient: How would you manage this patient?
Pancreatic enzymes
A female known to have Sjogren syndrome will develop what?
MALToma
Biopsy of a salivary gland tumor showed cystic spaces lined by oncocytes embedded in lymphoid tissue. Diagnose.
Warthin’s tumor
Which parotid gland tumor is characterized by perineural invasion?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
What is transmitted through the feco-oral route and causes jaundice?
Hepatitis A
What is best way to decrease the incidence of hepatitis A?
▪ Vaccination of all children above 1 year and improved sanitation
▪ Avoid contaminated food and water
▪ Vaccination of all children under 1 year
?
What is the effect of patients not being compliant to their treatment in a study?
▪ Bias to the treatment group
▪ Bias to the control group
▪ Decreased generalizability
▪ Decreased confounding effect
▪ Bias to the treatment group
Celiac disease is an abnormal immune reaction against which antigen?
▪ Gluten
▪ Vitamin B12
▪ Normal flora antigen
?
The vagus nerve passes through which opening?
Esophageal hiatus
What does intention to treat mean in a randomized controlled trial?
Maintain randomization at all costs
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the ascending colon?
Vagus nerve
. What gross appearance characterizes Crohn’s disease?
Cobblestoning
What abnormal immunological reaction occurs in celiac disease?
Immune system attacking bacterial flora
Which condition is related to the superior rectal vein?
Internal hemorrhoids
The drainage of the left kidney, adrenal gland, and gonad is affected by which structure?
Superior mesenteric artery
- Because it can compress the left renal vein
Which structure is related to the visceral surface of the left anatomical lobe of the liver?
▪ Stomach
▪ Kidney
▪ Duodenum
▪ Diaphragm
?
What is important for the function of the enterocytes?
Apical microvilli
A 55-year old female had normal bilirubin, ALT, and GGT but very high ALP. What is the source of this ALP?
▪ Bone
▪ Liver
▪ Erythrocytes
?
What constitutes the lining of a pancreatic pseudocyst?
Fibrin and granulation tissue
What is the first step in pancreatic enzyme activation?
Activation of trypsin by enterokinase
What describes the post-prandial effect?
Alkaline blood leaving the stomach after increased acid secretion
A lady visited the clinic for regular checkup. Her height was 162 cm and weight 95 kg. Her profile showed high ALT, AST, ALP, and globulins but normal GGT and CBC. What does she have?
Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
. A 28-year old male presented with acid reflux and epigastric pain for 4 months. His symptoms are worsened after eating especially spicy foods. He has no weight loss, dysphagia, and no decrease in appetite. He’s physically active and takes no
medications. His physical examination was normal except for some epigastric
tenderness. What is the appropriate next step?
▪ Therapeutic trials of acid suppressive therapy
▪ Upper endoscopy
?