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GI module - 4th year > 2010 final > Flashcards

2010 final Flashcards

1
Q

X-rays showed “apple core”, what is the diagnosis?

A

Colon Cancer

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2
Q

Which of the following have low intensity in contraction?

  • Lower rectum
  • Upper rectum
  • Ascending colon
A
  • Lower rectum
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3
Q

A young female had CT scan that showed well defined, hyper-echoic lesion (pic of a CT). What is the diagnosis?

  • Hemeangioma
  • Liver adenoma
A
  • Hemeangioma
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4
Q

Patient with fever, rigors. ALP & AST were both increased, but the ALP was increased 8 times than the AST (was increased 3 times). What is the cause of her symptoms?

  • Gall stones
  • Viral hepatitis
A
  • Gall stones
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5
Q

Histology of liver showed Ground glass appearance?

A

HBV

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6
Q

Serotonin antagonist used with chemotherapy?

A

Ondensetron

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7
Q

Patient who travelled and ingested fresh fruit, his serum showed non B and non E virus. What is the causative agent?

A

HAV

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8
Q

Experiment was done on a fasting dog with electrodes on its ilium that showed strong contractions every 90 mins. What does this experiment prove?

A

Migratory myenteric (motor) complex

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9
Q

Patient with increased levels of transglutaminase, what is the best method of treatment?

A

Gluten free diet

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10
Q

After meals, the patient’s serum is alkaline (↑ HCO3). Why?

A

Postprandial alkalosis

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11
Q

Blockage of which artery affects the supply to the sigmoid colon?

A

Inferior mesenteric

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12
Q

What artery supplies the hepatic flexure?

  • Right colic artery
  • Middle colic
A
  • Right colic artery
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13
Q

Squamous cells, epithelial cells, & mucus secretions in salivary gland?

A

Mucoepidermoid

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14
Q

Small cells with cysts containing eosinophilic hyaline scanty cytoplasm?

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

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15
Q

What is the mechanism behind directing light to treat neonatal jaundice?

A

Increase polarity of bilirubin

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16
Q

What is cause of prion disease?

A

Misfolded protein

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17
Q

Patient with a history of gall stones presented with tenderness, abdominal rigidity, & high serum amylase. What do you suspect?

A

Acute pancreatitis

18
Q

What forms the superficial inguinal ring?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

19
Q

What structure extends from lateral aspect of deep inguinal ring to the umbilicus?

A

Lateral umbilical ligament

20
Q

A 60 years old male with chronic hepatitis disease presented with dilated veins radiating from the umbilicus (caput medusa). Blood back flow in which vessel leads to this presentation?

A

Paraumbilical vien

21
Q

What is the main energy storage?

  • Muscle glucagon? Or muscle glycogen
  • Lipids
A
  • Muscle glucagon? Or muscle glycogen
22
Q

Starvation for 3 days in comparison to 3 hrs, what would increase?

A

Blood amino acids

23
Q

What increases blood glucagon?

A

Liver glycogen

24
Q

A patient with colon cancer without family history, no history of polyps. What is most likely to be mutated?

  • P53
  • APC
25
Q

The small intestine epithelium is derived from?

26
Q

A patient with TB, which spread to the superomedial aspect of the thigh. This spread is made through which muscle? **

  • Psoas major
  • Internal oblique
A
  • Psoas major
27
Q

What is the carriage of C. difficle in children & new born?

28
Q

A patient with diarrhea, acid fast stain was +ve, with cysts?

  • Entamoebae
  • Toxiplasmosis
29
Q

Male from North east Asia came with bloody diarrhea, flask shaped ulcer cyst in the liver with brown … .What is the causative agent?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

30
Q

A 50 years old male with renal failure on dialysis presented with liver cirrhosis, biopsy showed kupffer cells with intracytoplasmic brown granular stained +ve with pearl stain. What element is overloaded?

31
Q

Antiemetic H2 receptor antagonist and used for motion sickness?

32
Q

What increases blood supply to the salivary glands?

  • VIP & bradykinin
  • VIP & Ach
A
  • VIP & bradykinin
33
Q

In supine position, where do fluids accumulate?

A

Hepato-renal recess

34
Q

What causes injury in autoimmune hepatitis?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

35
Q

What best fits peroxynitrite?

36
Q

What will happen if only VIP was released, and Ach was inhibited?

A

Relaxation of the LES

37
Q

The area around which structure is more susceptible to ischemia?

A

Central vein

38
Q

What transfers the nutrients from the hepatocytes to the blood?

39
Q

What promotes gastric emptying?

A

Distention of the stomach

40
Q

Biopsy of patient w/ stomach cancer yielded lymphocytes and plasma cells, that is most common cause?

41
Q

EBM: Which site is used to view complete lists of systemic reviews & studies?

  • PubMed
  • Or Up-to-date
42
Q

EBM: If pre-test probability is 50%, sensitivity 97%, specificity 67%?

A

PPV low, NPV very high

GI module - 4th year (17 decks)

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