2009 final Flashcards
What is a characteristic of the parotid glands?
They open opposite to the 2nd molar teeth
Tall columnar epithelial cells with dense lymphoid stroma
Warthin’s
A mass in the parotid with uniform cells and eosinophilic cytoplasm
Oncocytoma
If a patient with unilateral cervical lymph node enlargement with ulcer below tongue. What must be excluded first?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Tumor in the salivary glands with biphasic pattern
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
What is the difference between primary secretion of saliva gland and the modified secretion?
Tonicity
If a person swallowed repeatedly every 1-2 seconds. What will happen?
Esophagus will only contract after the last swallow
What is secreted in response to high acidity in duodenum?
Secretin
What is secreted by enterochromaffin like cells?
Histamine
What is the characteristic of barrett esophagus?
Goblet cells + intestinal metaplasia
What is seen in a patient with H-pylori gastritis?
Lymphoid aggregates with plasma cells
A patient went to south east asia and came back with bloody diarrhea
Flask-sharp ulcers
A 75-year-old patient with hematemesis, exophytic mass was present in the antrum
Adenocarcinoma
A patient with spindle cell tumor with positive C-kit
Stromal tumor
A patient with regurgitation and dysphagia
Achalasia
What is bound to the bore area of the liver?
Coronary ligament
Upon continuous toxic exposure, stellate cells will secrete
Collagen
What is conjugated in hepatocytes to glucoronic acid?
Bilirubin
What is excluded out of the gallbladder?
NaCl
What causes contraction of gallbladder?
CCK
What causes relaxation of the sphincter of oddi?
VIP
A patient with liver cells showing ground glass appearance
HBV
A patient with Mallory body hyalination
Alcoholic hepatitis
A middle-aged female with anti-SMA + ANA
Plasma cell infiltrate
A patient with steroids developed a solitary mass in liver
Liver cell adenoma
What usually occurs at the porta hepatis?
Rt + Lt hepatic duct form the common hepatic duct
What is the origin of smooth muscles in the GIT?
Splanchic mesoderm
What is the mechanism of cimetidine?
Inhibit metabolism of other drugs
What will happen if you cut the autonomic nerves out of the snall intestine for contraction?
It will not be affected
Amylase is inactivated in the stomach at pH 4, how does digestion of the starch continue there?
Salivary amylase in the core of the food, as pH will take longer time to inactivate that
When will clinical manifestation of S. Typhi start?
After ileal penetration
What causes Vitamin B-12 deficiency?
Antibodies to intrinsic factors
A 19-year-old female patient with fouly smell diarrhea, investigations showed high tTG antibodies. What is the best to treat?
Gluten free diet
In the previous question, what is the best way to diagnosis?
Small bowel biopsy
What is antagonist for muscarinic receptors?
Hyoscine
What is a dopamine receptor antagonist?
Metoclopramide
What is the mechanism of action of lactulose?
Retaining fluid in the bowel by osmosis
What is used as a landmark for the base of the appendix?
Ileal orifice
In which part does reverse peristalsis occur?
Colon
What is a characteristic of HNPCC?
Mutations in mismatch repair genes
Which measures the antion transporter?
Bilirubin
