2010 Eastern National Questions

Question 0

Which parasite causes habronemiasis or summer sores?

Answer 0

Stomach worms.

Question 1

Identify one additional piece of tack that would be added to the McClellan saddle to make it more suitable for packing.

Answer 1

Breast collar or breeching (only need to give one answer).

Question 2

In general, foals weaned at 4 months should be a diet containing what percent protein?

Answer 2

16 percent protein.

Question 3

Cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects which organ?

Answer 3

Liver.

Question 4

Illness, fever, or trauma to the testes would result in a lower sperm production. Normal production would not be restored until approximately how many days after the problem has been resolved?

Answer 4

Approximately 65 days.

Question 5

Identify two of the three basic models of artificial vaginas?

Answer 5

Colorado, Missouri, or Fujihara.

Question 6

What organization governs the rules for reining horses?

Answer 6

NRHA (National Reining Horse Association).

Question 7

Identify three considerations and/or potential hazards associated with feeding alfalfa pastures or hay.

Answer 7

Blister beetle poisoning, use with caution in older horses, use with caution in horses with decreased kidney function, use with caution in horses with decreased liver function (alfalfa contains higher amounts of protein and calcium), use with caution and horses with equine metabolic disease, use with caution and horses with insulin resistance, potential for DOD (developmental orthopedic diseases) due to the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus an increased amounts of protein resulting rapid growth, mycotoxin toxicosis, respiratory problems (more likely to be dusty or moldy), colic (if excessive consumption of lush green alfalfa), increased incidence of synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (thumps)(due to increased calcium), need to balance calcium: phosphorus ratio.

Question 8

In general, what structures in the horse are named for their action, shape, and/or attachments?

Answer 8

Muscles.

Question 9

Which type of Martingale combines the action of both the snaffle rein and draw reins?

Answer 9

German martingale.

Question 10

Which pony breed has adapted to living in a climate with harsh winds and rains by developing fleshy upper and lower eyelids known as “hooded eyes”?

Answer 10

Exmoor.

Question 11

What is the common name for the proximal interphalangeal joint?

Answer 11

Pastern joint.

Question 12

What is the scientific name for the species of bots that lays it’s black eggs on the short hairs on the lips?

Answer 12

Gastrophilus hemorrhoidalis.

Question 13

During exercise blood flow to the skin increases. What is the physiological purpose of this occurrence?

Answer 13

Improves the efficiency of heat loss (helps to cool the horse).

Question 14

Which type of encephalomyelitis can be transmitted from horse to horse?

Answer 14

Venezuelan.

Question 15

What are the correct anatomical terms for the three skeletal structures that form the thoracic cavity?

Answer 15

Thoracic vertebrae (also accept vertebrae); ribs and sternum.

Question 16

What does NAERIC stand for?

Answer 16

North American Equine Ranching Information Counsel.

Question 17

How would the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart rate?

Answer 17

It would increase the heart rate.

Question 18

Grain, or concentrate, should not account for more than what percent of a horse’s diet?

Answer 18

Not more than 40%.

Question 19

For what period of time is the ovum still viable after ovulation occurs?

Answer 19

12 to 24 hours (accept anything within this range).

Question 20

What condition does your horse have if it has pediculosis?

Answer 20

Lice infestation.

Question 21

Epinephrine is a hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and affects blood flow and muscle contractions. What endocrine gland produces epinephrine?

Answer 21

Adrenal gland.

Question 22

What secretion is produced by the buccal glands?

Answer 22

Saliva.

Question 23

How is the shape of the horse’s pupil different then a human’s, different in comparison to other mammals, and how does the shape of the pupil benefit the horse?

Answer 23

The pupil is more horizontal(ex. A cat’s pupil is more vertical; a human’s pupil is more round). Give you the horse MorVision over a wide horizon; enables the horse to see predators more easily

Question 24

There are many variations of the basic gray coat pattern. Identify four different terms that describe a gray horse.

Answer 24

Flea bitten, dapple gray, rosettes, blue or steel gray, rose gray.

Question 25

Drugs Navigator and Marquis are used in the treatment of what disease?

Answer 25

EPM (Equine Protozoal Myeloenphalitis).

Question 26

In regards to genetics, true lethals are conditions that result in embryonic death, which is death before birth. Identify two true genetic lethals.

Answer 26

Lethal dominant white (lethal white, homozygous white, dominant white).
Lethal dominant roan (lethal roan, homozygous roan).

Question 27

Correctly identify the joint where each of the following bones would be located. Patella, calcaneous, olecranon, distal sesamoid.

Answer 27

Stifle (patella).
Hock (calcaneous).
Elbow (olecranon).
Coffin (distal sesamoid).

Question 28

Which two vitamins are not produced in the body and must be supplied entirely by the diet?

Answer 28

Vitamin A and vitamin E.

Question 29

The orbatid mite is the intermediate host for what type of internal parasite?

Answer 29

Tapeworm.

Question 30

What type of stall bedding would be a good choice for a horse with heaves or horse owners with allergies?

Answer 30

Shredded newspaper.

Question 31

When referring to a chestnut horse what does the term tostada describe?

Answer 31

A red colored horse with darker red colored points.

Question 32

Which one of the following breeds would not be considered a pony breed: Galiceno, Exmoor, Falabella, or Trottingbred?

Answer 32

Falabella (miniature horse).

Question 33

What does the term nicking describe in reference to the offspring from a breeding program based on line breeding?

Answer 33

Offspring that are superior to their parents as a result of a particular mare/stallion cross.

Question 34

Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of using sawdust or wood shavings for bedding.

Answer 34

Advantages: less volume for disposal, easier disposal, seldom eaten by horses, less labor-intensive to clean, less combustible, less odor.
Disadvantages: more expensive, may be dusty, may cause respiratory problems if dusty, be cautious of black walnut shavings, may require additional storage space, needs to be stored indoors or in a protected area (when wet is non-absorbent and takes a long time to dry).

Question 35

What anatomical structure in the horse does the Latin word “rostrum” refer to?

Answer 35

Nose.

Question 36

Identify two types of internal parasites that horse’s usually develop an immunity to as they mature.

Answer 36

Roundworms (Ascarids or Parascaris Equorum) and threadworms (Strongyloides westeri).

Question 37

Give the common and anatomical name for each of the three bones located in the foot.

Answer 37

Coffin or pedal bone (Distal or third phalanx)
Short Pastern bone (middle or second phalanx)
Navicular or shuttle bone (distal sesamoid).

Question 38

Nigropallidal encephalomalacia is commonly known as the “chewing disease” because it destroys the horse’s ability to ingest and chew food. Identify one of the two plants that causes this condition.

Answer 38

Russian knapweed or Yellow Star thistle.

Question 39

Lethal white foal syndrome is not the same as dominant white and is associated with what color gene?

Answer 39

Overo gene.

Question 40

What enzyme is produced in the function of the stomach and helps break down proteins?

Answer 40

Pepsin.

Question 41

What breed association is described by the initials MFTHBA?

Answer 41

Missouri Foxtrotting Horse Breed Association.

Question 42

Identify two of the three breeds of horses that most hot-blooded horses can be traced to in regards to ancestry.

Answer 42

Arabian, Barb, Turkmene.

Question 43

What does the term teratogenic describe in regards to plant poisoning?

Answer 43

Compounds that cross the placenta and cause physical defects in the fetus.

Question 44

Following the rule of thumb recommendation for adequate ventilation in a barn, a barn with eight stalls would require how much ridge ventilation?

Answer 44

At least 8 feet of ridge ventilation (1 foot per horse or stall).

Question 45

Electrical systems in a barn are often the cause of barn fire. Identify four safety precautions that are recommended in regards to the electrical system.

Answer 45

Electrical system must meet code standards; panel boxes should be in a dry, dust free area (corrosive resistant and weatherproofed); outlet and switch boxes should be metal; outlet and switch boxes should have spring-loaded dust – and waterproof covers; wire should be encased in metal conduit pipe; light fixtures should have dust – and moisture resistant covers; any appliances (clipper etc.) must be UL approved and grounded; portable heaters should not be used in the barn; heat lamps should not be placed too close to here betting; heat tapes and water tanks must have a thermostat and be UL approved.

Question 46

What is the term for the breeding of animals or crossing of lines that are unrelated?

Answer 46

Outcrossing.

Question 47

What is the primary cause of run off on horse farms?

Answer 47

Overgrazing.

Question 48

What vitamin deficiency is associated with a deficiency of the mineral cobalt?

Answer 48

Vitamin B12.

Question 49

Identify two nutrients or additives that should be limited in the diet of a horse with liver disease.

Answer 49

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and salt.

Question 50

Why is the scarlet livery worn by fox-hunting staff commonly called “pinks”?

Answer 50

A famous British tailor named Pinque supposedly made the first coats.