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Horse Bowl Questions > 2009 Eastern National Questions > Flashcards

2009 Eastern National Questions Flashcards

0
Q

Name four clinical signs associated with fescue toxicosis.

A

Prolonged pregnancy, decreased or absence of milk production, thick and/or retained placenta, decreased conception rate, difficult delivery (thickened amniotic sac), foal born weak or dead, decreased foal growth rate, abortion.

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1
Q

What is the purpose of a prophylactic medication?

A

Used to prevent a disease.

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2
Q

Horses and ponies have 32 pairs of a total of 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do domestic donkeys have?

A

31 pairs or a total of 62 chromosomes.

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3
Q

Cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects which organ?

A

Liver.

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4
Q

Which type of Encephalomyelitis can be transmitted “horse to horse”?

A

Venezuelan.

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5
Q

What breed was developed and used as pack ponies for the lead mining industry in England?

A

Dales pony.

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6
Q

Where is the location of the swing team in an eight horse hitch?

A

The team in front of the wheelers.

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7
Q

The largest percentage of which mineral is found in the myoglobin or hemoglobin in the horse’s body?

A

Iron.

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8
Q

What is the pangare effect on color?

A

Results and light areas of color on the muzzle, over the eyes, on the flanks, and inside the legs.

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9
Q

Glands in the fundus of the stomach produce what two enzymes?

A

Pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

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10
Q

Identify four things that would affect the pulse and respiration rates of a healthy horse.

A

Exercise/activity, environmental temperature (extreme heat or cold), humidity, age, stress, anxiety (excitement).

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11
Q

What is a yeld mare?

A

A mare who did not produce a foal during the current season.

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12
Q

What medication is used to treat bradycardia?

A

Atropine.

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13
Q

What are the two main types of stable vices?

A

Oral and escape.

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14
Q

What are the three basic models of artificial vaginas?

A

Colorado, Missouri, and Fujihira.

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15
Q

This number represents protein content based on nitrogen content in a feedstuff. It estimates the amount that is actually available to the course during the process of digestion.

A

Digestible crude protein.

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16
Q

What mineral deficiency results in a deficiency of Vitamin B12?

A

Cobalt.

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17
Q

What type of joint in an enarthrosis?

A

Ball and socket joint (example would be the hip joint).

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18
Q

What endocrine glands secrete to the hormone responsible for maintaining calcium and phosphorus levels?

A

Parathyroid.

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19
Q

What is the common name for dermatitis granulosa?

A

Summer sores.

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20
Q

How often should a manure pile be turned for aeration optimum composting?

A

Every 10 days.

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21
Q

What is the total number of bones found the horses to carpal joints?

A

14 or 16 (accept either 14 or 16, do not accept 15).

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22
Q

What part of the brain controls the basic body functions such as temperature, respiration, and heart rate?

A

Brain stem (also accept medulla oblongata).

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23
Q

What type of medication is an alcohol-based substance applied to the horse’s legs after exercise to prevent swelling?

A

Brace (also accept liniment).

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24
Q

What is the common name for the coxofemoral joint?

A

Hip joint.

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25
Q

What is the correct anatomical term for foals with knees or hocks deviating inward?

A

Valgus (not varus which is knees or hocks deviating outward).

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26
Q

Icterus is a result of abnormal accumulation of what substance in body tissue?

A

Bile.

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27
Q

There are three factors that must be optimum for the microbes which are necessary for manure composting. Name two of these factors.

A

Temperature, moisture, and carbon; nitrogen ratio.

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28
Q

Identify three of the four major factors that predispose the growing horse to any of the developmental orthopedic diseases.

A

Rapid growth, trauma to bone growth plates or articular cartilages, genetic predisposition, nutritional imbalances.

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29
Q

Identify four types of nutrients that are absorbed in the small intestine.

A

Vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, fat.

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30
Q

What is the name for a drop jump that is a solid earthen ramp or wall?

A

Bank.

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31
Q

JEB or Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa is a fatal disorder that results in foals with skin and mouth ulcers that become more extensive with age. This disease primarily affects which breed of horse?

A

Belgians.

32
Q

Half round shoes are most commonly used on what type of horse?

A

Harness racing horses, reining horses or occasionally foals (only need to give one answer).

33
Q

Why are fats and carbohydrates more desirable than protein as energy sources, especially in the warmer months of the year?

A

Fats and carbohydrates produce less heat when turned and energy (less chance of heat exhaustion).

34
Q

Laryngeal hemiplegia or roaring occurs when the larynx does not fully open on inspiration. What type of anatomic structure is damage to create this condition?

A

Nerve to the larynx (also accept nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve).

35
Q

What is the name for the ligament that runs from pole to withers and help support the horses head?

A

Ligamentum nuchae (also accept nuchal ligament).

36
Q

A horse with chronic renal failure would require a diet that has less of certain nutrients. Name two of these nutrients.

A

Protein, calcium, phosphorus.

37
Q

Correctly identify for cranial nerves by the following descriptions:
Nerve responsible for the sense of smell.
Nerve with three sensory branches to face, tongue, and teeth.
Nerve responsible for vision.
Nerve responsible for motor function to the face.

A

Olfactory nerve (smell).
Trigeminal nerve (face, tongue, teeth).
Optic (vision).
Facial (facial motor).

38
Q

What are three methods that can be done to eliminate problems from runoff water?

A

Divert clean run off water away from barns, paddocks, manure storage areas, and exercise areas; reduce the length of slopes on pastures with the use of terraces; plant grass in drainage ditches to slow down run off water, plant a vegetative buffer strip at least 10 feet wide between steep slopes and waterways.

39
Q

The International Trotting and Pacing Association governs the rules for what breed?

A

The Trottingbred.

40
Q

Give one advantage of using a double rigged cinch on a packsaddle.

A

Eliminates the problem of the back cinch sliding back, more comfortable for the horse, usually has extra rings (extra location to tie the lash rope), prevents a “rodeo” ride, less likely to develop skin lesions form friction.

41
Q

What is the medical term for the type of emphysema where there is an abnormal presence of air under the skin of the horse?

A

Subcutaneous emphysema.

42
Q

What was the original name for the American Saddlebred Horse?

A

The Kentucky Saddler.

43
Q

What is the scientific term used to describe when body cells split in half?

A

Mitosis.

44
Q

What is the common name for Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?

A

Potomac Horse Fever.

45
Q

What is the medical term for the acute, highly fatal septicemia that is also known as sleepy foal disease?

A

Shigellosis.

46
Q

The Silver Dapple color is common in Shetland ponies. This color pattern is also found in the Australian pony but is referred to as what color in this breed?

A

Taffy.

47
Q

In regards to foxhunting, what do the initials MFH indicate when used after a person’s name?

A

Master of Fox Hounds.

48
Q

At what number of horses in a herd does manual loading and land application of manure become labor-intensive and impractical?

A

More than 25 horses.

49
Q

The heart, trachea, and esophagus are located in what specific anatomic area of the chest or thorax?

A

Mediastinum.

50
Q

Identify the following breed. This pony size equine probably originated in Spain as a result of Spanish Jennet and Barb breeding. It performs for natural gates that include the walk, trot, canter, and running walk.

A

Galiceno.

51
Q

Name one of the two goals of a horse facility’s water quality management plan?

A

To reduce run off and protect groundwater.

52
Q

Give the scientific name for each of the following four types of parasites: large pinworms, blood worms, roundworms, threadworms.

A 
Oxyuris equi (large pinworms). 
Larges Strongyles (bloodworms) (also accept strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, strongylus equinus). 
Parascaris Equorum (roundworms). 
Strongyloides westeri (threadworms).
53
Q

Nigropallidal encephalomalacia occurs when horses eat Yellow Star Thistle or Russian Knapweed. What is the main symptom of this type of poisoning?

A

Destroys the horse’s ability to take in and masticate (chew food)(Also known as the “chewing disease”).

54
Q

A white marking on the forehead is known as a star. What term refers the occurrence of only a few white hairs in the center of the forehead?

A

Flame.

55
Q

What are the four breeds of horses that are affected by the sex-linked disease Hemophilia A?

A

Thoroughbred, standardbred, quarter horse, and Arabian.

56
Q

To protect water sources from manure run off the manure should be incorporated into the soil as soon as possible after spreading. Water sources will also be protected if manure is spread at least how many feet from the water source?

A

At least 150 feet from the water source.

57
Q

What is the scientific name for the organism that is the cause of the disease EPM (Equine Protozoal Encephalomyelitis)?

A

Sarcocystis neurona.

58
Q

This is the largest and most common group of toxins affecting horses and occurs in both harvested and unharvested feeds. Name this toxin.

A

Mycotoxin.

59
Q

What is the term for the breeding of animals or crossing of lines that are unrelated?

A

Outcrossing.

60
Q

Volatile fatty acids are produced in horse’s hindgut by microbial action. Name one of the two types of microbes that are involved in this production.

A

Bacteria and Protozoa.

61
Q

Identify four things that can be done to treat a horse with navicular disease.

A

Rest/restricted activity, bar shoe (egg bar) to support the rear of the hoof (do not accept heart bar shoe as a correct answer), Rocker toe, raise the heel with wedges, improve blood circulation – medication isoxsuprine, nerving.

62
Q

What is the medical term for the condition that develops when the small ureter like structure in the umbilical cord fails to close when the cord is severed? It results in a leakage of urine from the umbilical stump.

A

Pervious urachus (also accept patent urachus).

63
Q

Name two types of common pathogenic bacteria or protozoa that may be transmitted in horse manure.

A

E. Coli; giardia; salmonella.

64
Q

Equine distemper, or strangles, causes fever and intense swelling of which two salivary glands?

A

Submaxillary and parotid glands.

65
Q

Which two vitamins are not produced by the body and must be supplied entirely by the diet?

A

Vitamin A and vitamin D.

66
Q

Identify four areas of the horse that would be visually appraised or palpated when estimating a body condition score.

A

Along the top of the neck, along the withers, in the crease down the top line (back), and the area adjacent to the tail head, over the rib cage, behind the shoulder/over the point of the shoulder, over the hook (tuber coxae) and pin (tuber ischii) bones.

67
Q

When comparing the colors black, bat, and Chestnut in regards to genetics, which of these colors is dominant to the other two colors?

A

Bay.

68
Q

How many rings are on a Chifney bit and what attaches to each of these rings?

A

Three rings; cheek pieces attached to two of the rings and a lead rope attaches to the other.

69
Q

What term refers to the desirable arc a horse’s body makes as it goes over a jump?

A

Bascule.

70
Q

In Quarter Horse racing, what is a speed index?

A

A method of rating racehorses that is determined by both the horse’s speed and the distance covered.

71
Q

After what age does a mare’s reproductive ability decrease?

A

After 16 years of age.

72
Q

What is the difference between stroke volume and cardiac output?

A

Stoke volume is the amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat and cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute (stroke volume x heart rate).

73
Q

What are the anatomical names for the two cartilage protrusions from the cranial and caudal segments of the sternum?

A

Manubrium and xiphoid.

74
Q

Identify the causative agent for each of the following four bacterial diseases: Tetanus, Strangles, Botulism, Anthrax.

A 
Clostridium Tetani (tetanus). 
Streptococcus equi (strangles). 
Clostridium botulinum (botulism). 
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax).
75
Q

What breed is famous for its role in Portuguese bullfights and is found in the colors grey, chestnut, and brown?

A

Lusitano.

76
Q

What are the four criteria used to evaluate stallion semen?

A

Volume, concentration, motility, and morphology.

77
Q

Give the common and anatomical name for each of the three bones located in the foot.

A

Coffin bone or pedal bone (distal or third phalanx), short Pastern bone (middle or second phalanx), navicular bone or shuttle bone (distal sesamoid).

78
Q

What is the medical term for the membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura (also accept pleura).

Horse Bowl Questions (9 decks)

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