2007 Eastern National Questions Flashcards
In regards to barn management, what is the key to successful control of flies and other external parasites of the horse?
Good sanitation (also accept good management and control of manure).
What is the country of origin for the Exmoor pony?
England.
Name the six joints of the forelimb from proximal to distal.
Shoulder, elbow, knee (carpus), fetlock, pastern, and coffin.
Which mineral aids and muscular activity, blood clotting, enzyme activation, and bone formation?
Calcium.
When comparing the cross-buck and Decker saddles, which is better suited to a sling load that is mantied (mant-teed)?
Decker.
Where in the horse’s digestive tract are soluble carbohydrates digested to simple sugars and absorb for use as energy?
Small intestine.
What four bones form the stifle joint?
The femur, patella, tibia, and fibula.
Foal pneumonia is the major cause of mortality in foals. Name four factors that predisposes foals to pneumonia.
Dust, fluctuations in temperature, extremes of temperature, humidity, parasites, stress, failure of passive transfer of immunity/no colostrum, secondary to other infection ex. Influenza, heredity diseases ex. Combined immunodeficiency, failure to vaccinate the mare, poor sanitation, overcrowding, poor ventilation, poor nutrition, prematurity.
In general terms what is injured in the shoulder to create the muscle atrophy seen in sweeney? What type of horse is this normally found in?
A nerve (more specifically the suprascapular nerve). Draft breed or horse used in harness.
What vitamin deficiency will result in horses with poor, weak hoof walls?
Vitamin A.
What vitamin deficiency can result in abnormal hoof growth and development, and can be eliminated by feeding green roughage.
Vitamin A.
A normal healthy mature horse without foot problems has its feet trimmed every six to eight weeks. How often should a foal’s feet be trimmed?
Once a month (also accept 30 days or 4 weeks).
Where are each of the three serous membranes called the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium found in the horse?
Thoracic cavity - pleura (covers the outer surface of the lungs).
Abdominal cavity - peritoneum (surrounding the internal organs).
Surrounding the heart - pericardium.
Ehrlichia risticii (air-lick-e-ah ris-tee-chee) is the causative agent of what equine disease?
Potamac Horse Fever.
What is the best way to carry a load on a cross-buck saddle?
In panniers.
Compare the normal heart rate and respiratory rate of the adult horse at rest to the one week old foal.
Accept any answers in following ranges: Adult horse 35-60 beats/min. Adult horse 8-16 breaths/min. Foal 70-100 beats/min. Foal 20-40 breaths/min.
Straw is a popular bedding for horses. Give three advantages or situations where straw is preferred and three disadvantages of using straw as a bedding material.
Advantages – foaling stalls, comfortable for horse, very absorbent, relatively dust free.
Disadvantages – horses eat straw, highly combustible, large volume of debris, high labor in cleaning, large amount of storage, difficult to dispose of.
What supplement is the preferred plant-source feed supplement in young growing horses because it is a high-level of lysine and in general is considered the most economical protein supplement for all horses?
Soybean meal (do not accept soybeans - they are not high in protein and are not recommended for young horses).
The rear third of the coffin bone does not attach directly to the hoof wall. What elastic structure provides the bridge for this attachment and is important in reducing the concussive forces to the hoof?
Lateral cartilages.
Why would you examine the wear pattern on the shoe that was just removed from your horse’s hoof?
And uneven wear pattern on the horseshoe indicates that the foot is breaking over at a point other than the toe, or that the foot is landing out of balance.
What is the name of the process of heating a food material, usually a liquid, to a specific temperature for a specific length of time for the purpose of destroying bacteria?
Pasteurization.
What is a characteristic of wire mesh, high tensile wire, and electric fences that can result in injury to the horses confined by this type of fencing?
These types of fencing are difficult for the horses to see.
What common term would be used to describe a situation where the superficial flexor tendon is swollen due to tendonitis?
Bowed tendon.
What procedure is being described? Anesthetic injections or given to numb certain parts of the body. This is used to diagnose the location of lameness or facilitate standing surgeries.
Nerve block, block, or local anesthetic (do not except nerving).
Name five ways you can evaluate the fitness and soundness of your horse for training prior to a work or exercise period.
Heart rate, respiratory rate, CRT (Capillary refill time - crude measurement of blood pressure), visual observation of the horse at a walk or trot, soreness or sensitivity of the back or loin noted while grooming, soreness or lameness on flexion testing, soreness or lameness on warm-up ride.
In what joint would you find a fibrocartilage structure called a meniscus that is located between the articulating surfaces of that joint?
Stifle or femorotibial joint.
What bit is being described? This bit looks like a Snaffle bit, but it has slots at the top of the rings for the headstall to be attached and hooks for curb chain attachment.
Kimberwicke.
Name two organs where you might find Parascaris equorum as adults or larvae.
Small intestine, lungs, and liver.
