201-250 Flashcards by Hana Nafuar

The normal erythrocyte has metabolic
mechanism for reducing heme iron to ferrous
state. Failure of these control mechanism may
lead to which of the following?
A. Aplastic anemia
B. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Methemoglobinemia
D. Iron deficiency anemia
E. Sideroblastic anemia

Methemoglobinemia

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This type of anemia is characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia, reticulocytopenia, and bone marrow hypoplasia
A. Aplastic anemia
B. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Sideroblastic anemia
E. Methemoglobinemia

Aplastic anemia

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It is used to treat APAP toxicity; its primary action is to enhance hepatocyte synthesis of glutathione.
A. Vitamin K
B. Fomepizole
C. Disulfiram
D. N-acetylcysteine
E. None of the above

N-acetylcysteine

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Which of the following metals is NOT nephrotoxic?
A. Cadmium
B. Lead
C. Mercury
D. Platinum
E. None of the above

None of the above

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Shaver’s disease is caused by
A. Ammonia
B. Cadmium oxide
C. Hydrogen fluoride
D. Bauxite fumes
E. Kaolin

Bauxite fumes

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Chemotherapeutic agent that causes pulmonary fibrosis.
A. Vincristine
B. Doxorubicin
C. Bleomycin
D. Vinblastine
E. Azathioprine

Bleomycin

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Mycotoxin found in claviceps purpurea.
A. Aflatoxin
B. Saxitoxin
C. Ciquatoxin
D. Ergot
E. Tetrodotoxin

Ergot

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The most toxic type of aflatoxin.
A. B1
B. B2
C. G1
D. G2
E. None of the above

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Neurotoxin found in improperly canned foods.
A. Aflatoxin
B. Ciguatoxin
C. Saxitoxin
D. Tetrodotoxin
E. Botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin

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A growth promoter in animals that is no longer use because of the discovery that tumor of genital organ have developed in the offspring of mothers who had taken this during pregnancy in large dose for medical purposes.
A. Diethylstilbestrol
B. Testosterone
C. Progesterone
D. Estradiol.
E. Somatotropin

Diethylstilbestrol

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The following side effects may be experienced upon exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides EXCEPT
A. Diarrhea
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Involuntary urination
D. Mydriasis
E. Salivation

Mydriasis

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Metabolite of tetrafluoroethylene that is the penultimate nephrotoxicant.
A. Cysteine
B. Phosgene
C. Cysteine-S-conjugate
D. Glutathione
E. Diglutathione conjugate of
hydroquinone

Cysteine-S-conjugate

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Metabolite of bromobenzene that is approximately thousand fold more potent than bromobenzene in producing nephrotoxicity.
A. Cystein
B. Phosgene
C. Cysteine-S-conjugate
D. Glutathione
E. Diglutathione conjugate of hydroquinone

Diglutathione conjugate of
hydroquinone

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It is the toxic metabolite of methanol that mediates the metabolic acidosis as well as retinal toxicity.
A. Formic acid
B. Acetaldehyde
C. Acetic acid
D. Phosgene
E. Chloroquine

Formic acid

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Anti-tubercular agent that may cause optic neuropathy
A. Rifampicin
B. Isoniazid
C. Pyrazinamide
D. Ethambutol
E. Streptomycin

Ethambutol

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A deficiency of which of the following vitamins can result in degeneration of optic nerve fibers?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B3
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin B 12
E. Vitamin E

Vitamin B 12

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High exposure to this metal cause “black foot disease” which is circulatory disorder reflecting endothelial cell damage.
A. Lead
B. Cadmium
C. Arsenic
D. Mercury
E. Silver

Arsenic

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Which of the following drugs/chemical may cause hyperpigmentation of the skin?
A. Phenolic germicides
B. BHT
C. Hydroquinone
D. Mercaptoamines
E. Amiodarone

Amiodarone

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Which of the following drugs/chemical may cause hypopigmentation of the skin?
A. Chloroquine
B. Amiodarone
C. Bleomycin
D. Hydroquinone
E. Minocycline

Hydroquinone

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An organic compounds that is approximately 49% elemental mercury by weight and has been widely used as preservative since 1930’s in contact lens
solution, biologics, and vaccine particularly those in multi-dose container.
A. Thimerosal
B. Merthiolate
C. Mercurothiolate
D. Sodium ethylmercuriethiosalisylate
E. all of the above

(All of the above)
A. Thimerosal
B. Merthiolate
C. Mercurothiolate
D. Sodium ethylmercuriethiosalisylate

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Which of the following drugs is/are often associated with phototoxic reaction?
A. Tetracycline
B. Sulphonamides
C. Sulfonylureas
D. Phenothiazine
E. All of the above

(All of the above)
A. Tetracycline
B. Sulphonamides
C. Sulfonylureas
D. Phenothiazine

Dicumarol is fungal metabolite that causes which of the following?
A. Prothrombin deficiency
B. Epileptiform seizure
C. Acute renal failure
D. Photosensitivity
E. Parasympathetic overactivation

Prothrombin deficiency

The compound found in red pepper is
A. Anthracenones
B. Capsaicin
C. Hyoscyamine
D. Atropine
E. Scopolamine

Capsaicin

Alkaloid found in Datura stramonium
A. Capsaisin
B. Antracenones
C. Red squill
D. Scopolamine
E. All of the above

Scopolamine

Which of the following is NOT commonly caused by tick envenomation? A. Cat scratch disease B. Ehrlichiosis C. Lyme disease D. Rocky mountain spotted fever E. Q-fever

Cat scratch disease

Neurotoxin found in black widow spiders A. Serotoxin B. Loxosceles C. Latrotoxin D. Rotenone E. Saxitoxine

Latrotoxin

A species of which of the following animals produces a venom that contains 60% formic acid? A. Snakes B. Lizards C. Ants D. Scorpions E. spiders

Ants

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Lepidoptera envenomation? A. Decreased plasminogen levels B. Increased risk of haemorrhaging C. Decreased partial thromboplastin time D. Increased in prothrombin time E. Decreased fibrinogen levels

Decreased partial thromboplastin time

Food Poisoning with which of the following bacteria occurs when meat has been contaminated with intestinal contents of slaughters and then roasted and inadequately stored. A. C. perfringerns B. R. Ricketsii C. S. Aureus D. C. botulinum E. E. coli

C. perfringerns

This includes the chemical, biochemical, and molecular events that lead to deleterious effects on development. A. Mutagenesis B. Teratogenesis C. Carcinogenesis D. Behavioral toxicology E. None of the above

Teratogenesis

it is highly irritating and oxidizing gas that is formed by photochemical action of UV light on nitrogen dioxide smog. A. Nitrogen oxide B. Carbon monoxide C. Ozone D. Volatile organic compounds E. None of the above

Ozone

It is known as the “bad ozone” that occurs from 0 to 10 miles above the earth’s surface A. Tropospheric ozone B. stratospheric ozone C. Volatile organic hydrocarbons D. Either A and B E. None of the above

Tropospheric ozone

Follic acid supplementation should be provided to patient chronically using A. Phenytoin B. Propranolol C. Levodopa + carbidopa D. Sulindac E. Tetracycline

Phenytoin

Dermopathy, an erythematous desquamation of the palms and soles also called as hand-foot syndrome is seen after extended infusion of which of the chemotherapeutic agents? A. Doxorubicin B. Cytarabin C. 5-FU D. Methotrexate E. None of the above

Methotrexate

The drug used to antagonize the effects of opioid toxicity. A. Nubain B. Narcan C. Revex D. Depade E. Either A and B

Narcan

which of the following is the effects of digoxin to atrial muscles at toxic dose? A. Extrasystoles B. Fibrillation C. Arrhythmia D. Tachycardia E. All of the above

Arrhythmia

Notorious plant poison found in Aconitum species A. Mandrake B. Monkshood C. Aconite D. A and B E. B and C only

(B and C only) Monkshood Aconite

Notorious plant that can be found Conium maculatum A. Poison hemlock B. Henbane C. mandrake D. Aconite E. opium

Poison hemlock

Notorious plant poison that can be found in Veratrum Album A. Poison hemlock B. Henbane C. mandrake D. Aconite E. Hellebore

Hellebore

Commercial preparations of universal antidote is composed of A. 1 part tannic acid, 2 parts magnesium oxide. 1 part activated charcoal B. 2 parts tannic acid, 1 part magnesium oxide, 2 parts activated charcoal C. 1 part tannic acid, 1 part magnesium oxide, 1 part activated charcoal D. 1 part tannic acid, 1 part magnesium oxide, 2 parts activated charcoal E. None of the above

1 part tannic acid, 1 part magnesium oxide, 1 part activated charcoal

Tartar emetic had a long history of use of an emetic, as well as sedative, expectorant, cathartic and diaphoretic. The chemical name for tartar emetic is A. Potassium bipthalate B. Potassium antimony tartrate C. Potassium antimony bitartrate D. Potassium antimony bipthalate E. None of the above

Potassium antimony tartrate

Metabolic acidosis with an anion gap is a hallmark of toxic alcohol poisoning. Which of the following is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis in ETHYLENE GLYCOL poisoning? A. Formic acid B. Glycolic acid C. Acetone D. Acetic acid E. all of the above

Glycolic acid

Metabolic acidosis with an anion gap is a hallmark of toxic alcohol poisoning. Which of the following is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis in METHANOL poisoning? A. Formic acid B. Glycolic acid C. Acetone D. Acetic acid E. all of the above

Glycolic acid

The most prominent end organ effect of ethylene glycol is A. Nephrotoxicity B. Hepatotoxicity C. Hemorrhagic gastritis D. Visual impairment to total blindness E. None of the above

Nephrotoxicity

In the pathway of ethylene glycol metabolism which of the following substance/s enhances the formation non-toxic metabolites. A. Fomepizole B. Thiamine C. Pyridoxine D. A and B E. B and C only

(B and C) B. Thiamine C. Pyridoxine

Disulfiram therapy is indicated in the following alcohol toxicity EXCEPT A. Methanol B. Ethyl alcohol C. Isopropanol D. Both A and B E. Both B and C

(A and B) A. Methanol B. Ethyl alcohol

The following are advantages of using fomepizole over ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol toxicity EXCEPT A. Fomepizole does not cause CNS depression B. Fomepizole does not require serum concentration monitoring C. Fomepizole is readily available D. Fomepizole is low-cost E. Both C and D

(C and D) C. Fomepizole is readily available D. Fomepizole is low-cost

An alkaloid found in Strychnos nux vomica A. Strychnine B. Aconite C. Nicotine D. Muscarine E. Carnitine

Strychnine

This drug is used together with atropine in the management of patient poisoned by organic phosphorous and carbamate pesticides. Its primary mechanism is to reactivate the enzyme cholinesterase A. 2-PAM B. Disulfiram C. Pralidoxime D. Both A and B E. Both A and C

(A and C) A. 2-PAM C. Pralidoxime

Glycine acts as a post synaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and lower brainstem. Which of the following substance is classified as glycine antagonist? A. Ethanol B. Picrotoxin C. Clozapine D. Propofol E. D-serine

Picrotoxin