151-200 Flashcards
Which of the following areas of toxicology focuses on the primarily on the medico legal aspects of the harmful effects of chemical in the human and animals
A. Environmental toxicology
B. Clinical toxicology
C. Forensic toxicology
D. Developmental toxicology
E. Reproductive toxicology
Forensic toxicology
A type of antagonism that occurs when two chemicals counterbalance each other by
producing opposite effect on the same
physiological function.
A. receptor antagonism
B. functional antagonism
C. chemical antagonism
D. dispositional antagonism
E. none of the above
Functional antagonism
When a chemical A and B administered simultaneously, their combine effects are far greater than the sum of their effects when given alone. The chemical interaction between chemicals A and B can be described as which of the following?
A. Potentiative
B. Additive
C. Antagonistic
D. functionally antagonistic
E. synergistic
Additive
A type of antagonism that occurs when the absorption, biotransformation, distribution,
or excretion of chemical is altered so that the
concentration and duration at the target of
diminished.
A. receptor antagonism
B. functional antagonism
C. chemical antagonism
D. dispositional antagonism
E. none of the above
Dispositional antagonism
A type of dose response relationship which describe the response of an individual or organism to varying doses of chemical.
A. individual dose-response relationship
B. quantal dose-response relationship
C. graded dose-response relationship
D. both A and B
E. both A and C
individual dose-response relationship
graded dose-response relationship
A type of dose response relationship which characterized the distribution of response to different doses in a population of individual organism.
A. individual dose-response relationship
B. quantal dose-response relationship
C. graded dose-response relationship
D. both A and B
E. both A and C
quantal dose-response relationship
A dose U- shaped dose response curved which result with some xenobiotics that imparts beneficial or stimulatory effects at low doses but adverse effects at higher doses.
A. hormesis
B. threshold
C. individual dose response curve
D. graded response curve
E. none of the above
hormesis
It is defined as the ratio of the dose required to produce a toxic effect and the dose need to illicit the desire therapeutic response
A. ED50
B. threshold
C. therapeutic index
D. LD50
E. none of the above
therapeutic index
Areas of toxicology that focuses on the impact of chemical pollutants in the environment on biological organism, specially studying the impacts of chemicals on nonhuman organism
A. forensic toxicology
B. clinical toxicology
C. developmental toxicology
D. reproductive toxicology
E. environmental toxicology
environmental toxicology
The dose required to result in a response in 50 percent of population.
A. median dose
B. ceiling dose
C. potency
D. LD50
E. ED50
median dose
Place the following mechanism of toxin
delivery in order from most effective to least
effective.
1: intravenous
2:subcutaneous
3:oral
4: inhalation
5: dermal
1,4,2,3,5
It is the primary rout of exposure of benzene in industrial setting
A. inhalation
B. subcutaneous
C. oral
D. dermal
E. intravenous
oral
Toxic substance present in paints, lacquer, thinners, cleaning agent and glues.
A. benzene
B. ethanol
C. toluene
D. chloroform
E. carbon tetrachloride
toluene
It is use primarily in the production of the
refrigerant chlorodifluoromethane.
A. toluene
B. carbon tetrachloride
C. ethanol
D. benzene
E. chloroform
chloroform
Metabolite of phosgene which damage membranes and other intracellular structures leading to necrosis and tumor formation.
A. tetrachloroethylene
B. phosgene
C. methylene chloride
D. ethylbenzene
E. none of the above
phosgene
Enzyme catalyses oxidation of ethanol to
acetaldehyde
A. aldehyde dehydrogenase
B. catalase
C. alcohol dehydrogenase
D. both A and C
E. none of the above
alcohol dehydrogenase
Ingestion of these substance may cause visual disturbance ranging from mild photophobia and blurred vision to markedly reduced acuity and complete blindness
A. Ethanol
B. Chloroform
C. Ethylene glycol
D. Methanol
E. Carbon tetrachloride
Methanol
Which of the following is NOT an important enzyme in ethanol metabolism?
A. Alcohol dehydrogenase
B. Formaldehyde decarboxylase
C. CYP2E1
D. Catalase
E. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Formaldehyde decarboxylase
Which of the following statements
regarding benzene is false?
A. High level exposure to benzene could result in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
B. Gasoline vapour emissions and auto exhausted are the two main contributors to benzene inhalation.
C. Benzene is used as an ingredient in unleaded poisoning.
D. Benzene metabolites covalently bind DNA, RNA and protein and interfere with their normal functioning
E. Reactive oxygen species can be delivered from benzene
Reactive oxygen species can be delivered from benzene
Which of the following is NOT associated with glycol ether toxicity?
A. Hematotoxicity
B. Craniofacial malformation
C. Seminiferous tubule atrophy
D. Irreversible spermatotoxicity
E. Cleft lip
Irreversible spermatotoxicity
A major constituent of antifreeze, hydraulic fluids and drying agents.
A. Methanol
B. Glycol ethers
C. Propylene glycol
D. Ethylene glycol
E. Ethanol
Ethylene glycol
It is also known as quicksilver
A. Ag
B. Hg
C. Mg
D. Sb
E. As
Hg
Contact dermatitis is the most common
adverse effect of which of the following
metals?
A. Nickel
B. Copper
C. Arsenic
D. Lead
E. Cadmium
Nickel
Wilson’s disease is an autosomal genetic disorder caused by which of the following metals?
A. Aluminium
B. Copper
C. Arsenic
D. Cadmium
E. Lead
Copper
Essential chemicals EXCEPT?
A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Zinc
D. Both A & B only
E. All of the above
A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Zinc
Metals related to medicinal therapy
A. Aluminium
B. Lithium
C. Platinum
D. Both A & B only
E. All of the above
(Both A and B only)
A. Aluminium
B. Lithium
The following pesticides are correctly matched EXCEPT:
A. Rodenticides –rats
B. Molluscides –snails
C. Pediculocides – lice
D. Fungicides –molds
E. Ascaricies –insects
Ascaricies –insects
Insecticides first developed from the extracts from the flower heads of chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium
A. DDT
B. Rotenoids
C. Pyrethrins
D. Aldrin
E. Endrin
Pyrethrins
Which of the following drugs may induce visual system abnormalities such as decreased vision, flickering scotomas and altered color vision.
A. Digoxin
B. Metoprolol
C. Colchicine
D. Rifampicin
E. Lidocaine
Digoxin
A drug that is used to ameliorate nausea and vomiting in pregnancy but results to malformations of Amelia and various degree of phocomelia
A. Diethylstilbestrol
B. Thalidomine
C. Ethanol
D. Nicotine
E. Retinoids
Thalidomine
The main target for lead toxicity especially in developing fetus and young children.
A. Bone marrow
B. Kidneys
C. Gastrointestinal tract
D. Reproductive organs
E. Central nervous system
Central nervous system
Minamata Disease is caused by
A. Lead
B. Cadmium
C. Mercury
D. Silver
E. arsenic
Mercury
In japan, Itai-itai disease is caused by consumption of rice contaminated by
A. Lead
B. Cadmium
C. Mercury
D. Silver
E. Arsenic
Cadmium
Chronic exposure to this metal result to hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of the
palm and soles.
A. Lead
B. Cadmium
C. Mercury
D. Silver
E. Arsenic
Arsenic
It is also known as dimercaprol
A. Succimer
B. Unithol
C. Deferoxamine
D. BAL
E. Penicillamine
BAL
It is mixture of copper and arsenic salt that is used to control insects in 1800’s
A. Bordeaux
B. Rotenone
C. DDT
D. Paris green
E. Pyrethrin
Paris green
A natural compound derived from Urginea maritime and is effective in controlling rodents.
A. Pyretrin
B. Red squill
C. Paris Green
D. Bordeaux mixture
E. Rotenone
Red squill
It is the antidote for warfarin toxicity
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin E
D. Pyridoxime
E. Thiamine
Vitamin K
Toxins found in peanuts
A. Saxitoxin
B. Cigutoxin
C. Scrombroid
D. Aflatoxin
E. Tetrodotoxin
Aflatoxin
Toxins found in several species of Alexandrium dinoflagellates
A. Saxitoxin
B. Cigutoxin
C. Scrombroid
D. Aflatoxin
E. Tetrodotoxin
Saxitoxin
Toxin produced by puffer fish
A. Saxitoxin
B. Tetrodotoxin
C. Scromboid
D. Aflatoxin
E. ciguatoxin
Tetrodotoxin
The most prevalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in cigarette smoke.
A. scromboid
B. Benzopyrene
C. Ciguatoxin
D. Anthracene
E. Nicotine
Benzopyrene
This naturally occurring furan is produced
by the mold Fusarium solani that infects sweet
potatoes.
A. Ciguatoxin
B. Monocratolin
C. Ipomeanol
D. Anthracene
E. Benzopyrene
Ipomeanol
Exposure to this vitamin can cause malformation of the face, limbs, heart, CNS and skeleton of the developing fetus.
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
E. Vitamin B complex
Vitamin A
The following drugs and chemicals are associated with the development of aplastic anemia EXCEPT
A. Tetracycline
B. Chloramphenicol
C. Carbamazepine
D. Indomethacin
E. Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide
Laboratory test used to monitor therapy
with unfractionated heparin.
A. aPTT
B. Creatine kinase
C. AST
D. PT
E. ALT
aPTT
Laboratory test used to monitor therapy
with warfarin.
A. Aptt
B. Creatine kinase
C. AST
D. PT
E. ALT
PT
The following are clotting factors inhibited
by warfarin and its analogs EXCEPT
A. III
B. X
C. IX
D. VII
E. II
III
Which of the following type of anemia is
properly paired with its cause?
A. Megaloblastic anemia- lead poisoning
B. Aplastic anemia-ethanol
C. Sideroblastic anemia-vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Megaloblastic anemia-folate supplementation
E. Iron deficiency anemia-blood loss
Iron deficiency anemia-blood loss
The inability to synthesize the porphyrin ring of hemoglobin will most likely result in which of the following?
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Inability to synthesize thymidine,
C. Improper RBC mitosis
D. Bone marrow hyperplasia
E. Accumulation of iron within erythroblast
Accumulation of iron within
erythroblast
