200 series P 400- 500 Flashcards
0
Q
What type of supplies are kept in resource sector
A
Typical supplies include spare air bottles, hose, nozzles, hand tools, blowers, lights and loss control equipment. For major medical incidents backboards, c-collars, oxygen, and associated equipment should be assembled
1
Q
Where is the resource sector usually located in a high rise fire
A
For high-rise operations, the Resource Sector is normally established two floors below the fire floor or other safe environment location below the fire. Command may identify the location of the Resource Sector or direct the assigned sector officer to find and announce an appropriate location. The Resource Sector Officer should attempt to locate an area large enough to meet the foreseeable needs of the Resource Sector, which may be much largerl than initial needs would dictate. This will avoid congestion and the need to relocate the Sector
2
Q
How many crews are kept in resource sector
A
A minimum of one company for every company on the fire floor should be maintained in Resource
3
Q
What radio designation is given to resource
A
In high-rise fires, the radio designation “Resource” should include the floor number that Resource is located on (i.e., “Resource 25
4
Q
When do we take extra precautions regarding the heat
A
from May 15th to September 15th or as needed whenever temperatures are expected to exceed 105 degrees or whenever the combination of air temperature and humidity equal a humiture index of 105 degrees
5
Q
What are the COMPANY OFFICER’S RESPONSIBILITIES during a high heat index
A
- Outside cardiovascular activity (tennis, racquetball, running, etc.). Shall be limited to a maximum of 30 minutes.
- a minimum of 64 ounces (2 quarts) of fluid should be consumed during the 24 hour shift.
- work/rest cycles–request a relief company and assignment to rehab after crew has consumed two bottles of air.
- company activity and request additional resources as necessary
6
Q
What areCOMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES during a high heat index
A
- Establish a Rehab Sector on all working fires.
- Assign companies to Rehab Sector. (companies shall remain in rehab for a minimum of 20 minutes and meet rehab criteria befor reassingnment ).
- Utilize the practice of first company in, first company out routine. • Request additional resources as necessary
7
Q
What are DISPATCH/DEPLOYMENT RESPONSIBILITIES during a high heat index
A
3 & 1 assignment–one relief RIC company and rehab van will be dispatched on all working structural fires.
• 1st Alarm–one additional company and the rehab van will be dispatched on all working 1st Alarm assignments
8
Q
Rehab Sector The Rehabilitation Sector, radio designation REHAB, will provide the following services
A
: • Medical assessment and /or treatment and/or transportation for injuries/illnesses
• Revitalization - rest, hydration and refreshments • Initial stress support assessment
• Reassignment determination
9
Q
A Rehab Team will be utilized wherever possible to establish and manage the Rehab Sector. This team will consist of
A
- Rehab Truck
- Utility Truck
- Ambulance
- ALS Company
- Designated Sector Officer with Crew
- CISM Team Member, as Needed
10
Q
If rehab 206 is unavailable what should be done and where should it be set up
A
Should the Rehab vehicle be unavailable, the Health Center staff supports Rehab 710 (Phoenix Fire) with portable misting system and other rehab equipment. A City bus may also be called to the incident scene to provide cooling. The Rehab Sector and Rehab vehicle(s) should be located adjacent to the Command Post, whenever possible. A utility truck and the mobile canteen may also be assigned to this sector. The Rehab Sector area boundaries will be defined with blue tape and will have only one entry point
11
Q
SECTION A: Entry Point & Member Triage Entry point rehab sector personnel will:
A
- Monitor the entry point and determine if decon is needed
- Collect and place passports on status board
- Log member entry on Rehabilitation Sector Personnel Log (Once the incident is terminated, the Rehab Sector Personnel Log will be given to the Incident Commander)
- Take vital signs and assess need for medical treatment
12
Q
Members in rehab will be triaged as follows:
A
- Any member who has a pulse rate greater than 120 and/or has a medical complaint, will be directed or moved to Section C, Medical Treatment and Transport, for additional assessment and treatment. (The entire crew will report to Section C.)
- Members that do not require medical attention will report to Section B, Hydration and Replenishment
13
Q
SECTION B: of rehab Hydration and Replenishment is responsible for which part of rehab
A
This section may be staffed by the canteen driver or other designated personnel. Personnel will be provided supplemental cooling devices, fluid and electrolyte replacement, and the proper amount of nourishment. Initial CISM support will be provided in this section, if needed
14
Q
SECTION C: Medical Treatment and Transport of rehab does what
A
An ALS company and an ambulance crew will staff this section. Personnel reporting here will receive evaluation and treatment for injuries or illness. The ALS Company will monitor members: • Pulse, • B/P, and • Body Temperature
15
Q
The Rehab medical personnel, in conjunction with medical direction, will be responsible for determining a member’s final Section C disposition. Final dispositions include
A
(1) member be allowed to return to fire operations,
(2) not be allowed to return to fire operations, or
(3) be transported to a medical facility for further evaluation and/or treatment. Medical personnel will consider the following criteria when making the recommendation. • 20 minute resting heart rate above 100 beats per minute? • Body temperature greater than 101 F? • Diastolic blood pressure less than 100
16
Q
SECTION D: Reassignment The member(s) assigned to Section D will:
A
- Notify the Rehab Sector Officer that a crew is ready for redeployment. The new assignment will be communicated to the crew’s officer, or
- Advise the Rehab Sector Officer that a partial crew is available for reassignment. All personnel leaving Rehab will retrieve passports from the Rehab Sector Officer. It is the responsibility of the Rehab Sector Officer to frequently update Command with information regarding the number of crews, their availability for reassignment, and the status of injured personnel
17
Q
When is replenishment sector used
A
The Incident Commander may use the radio designation REPLENISHMENT instead of REHAB, when shorter work cycles, and lower ambient temperatures do not require the need for a full Rehab Sector
18
Q
Tactical support activities are those functions that
A
assist active fire control and rescue operations. They generally include forcible entry, ventilation and the provision of access
19
Q
You ventilate a building principally for two reasons:
A
• To prevent mushrooming • To gain (and maintain) entry
20
Q
When should ventilation be done
A
ventilation should be provided in advance of attack lines
21
Q
Who should determine if ventilation is needed
A
The best operating position to determine if a building requires ventilation and the location and timing of that ventilation is the inside sector. Interior and roof forces must communicate in order to coordinate the effort effectively
22
Q
How should roof lines be operated
A
Operate roof lines only for the purpose of protecting personnel and external exposures, unless Command orders a coordinated roof attack. Do not operate hoselines, particularly ladder pipes, down ventilation holes
23
Q
For bowstring/arched roofs the policy is:
A
- When fire is in the attic/truss space, and it is safe to do so, quickly search the building and implement a defensive strategy.
- When crews are unable to locate the fire, and it is safe to do so, quickly search the building and implement a defensive strategy.
- When fire involves a room and contents with no evidence of extension to the attic/truss space – implement a quick, aggressive, offensive strategy
24
RESIDENTIAL TILE ROOF POLICY
For interior and/or attic fires in single family residences with tiled roofs, firefighters are prohibited from going to the roof
25
Why is it desire able to group companies together in tactical situations
In many tactical situations it is desirable to group companies together in Sectors to achieve more effective results. This consolidates the efforts of the companies toward tactical goals and makes command more manageable
26
What is the concept of an attack team
The Attack Team is a concept in which companies are assigned on the fireground in groups to work toward a specific goal and/or in a specific area. An Attack Team is an effective size operational group for many fireground tasks and provides a sound basis for the creation of sectors which may be built upon as the incident progresses
27
What does a standard attack team consist of
A standard Attack Team consists of two engine companies plus a ladder company
28
What would a common deployment for an attack team be
A common deployment for an Attack Team involves a "forward" pumper supplied by one or two lines from a "key" pumper on a hydrant. With this configuration the Captain of the "forward" engine company normally becomes the Attack Team leader and initial Sector Officer
29
What is to be done if there is insufficient resources to place a full attack team at each strategic position
Command may elect to assign a single unit to a position and assign subsequent arriving units to fill out the team, as they arrive. In this case, the first engine would usually lay a supply line to the forward position and begin operations. The later arriving engine would pump the line or reverse a secured supply line to the hydrant and pump both lines. Personnel from the second Engine and the Ladder Company join the first crew at the attack location
30
Prior to the 40's how were high rise buildings constructed
Prior to the 1940's, high-rise floors were relatively small, utilizing operable windows for natural light and ventilation. These predominantly steel-framed structures were encased and subdivided with heavy masonry walls, (and the codes we use today for fire resistance of structural members were based on the then, normal fire loading of 8000 B.T.U.'s per pound of contents). The result was slow moving fires in small compartments with the building mass absorbing much of the energy of the fire
31
How are modern buildings different from earlier high rise buildings
Modern high-rises are as much as 75% lighter in mass than these earlier buildings. They are also taller, with open landscaped floors as large as 20,000 sq. ft. The content loading in a modern high-rise can generate as much as 2-1/2 times the B.T.U. output of the fires from which the fire codes were derived
32
What are some of the major problems with high rise fires
These large, open floors provide ample oxygen and fuel, and high-rise fires are capable of reaching flashover in under 10 minutes. Couple this with a typical response time of 20 minutes to the fire floor and you may find a fire on arrival that is already beyond the ability of hand lines to control, and beyond the limits of the structure to contain. There are other problems. Because high-rise buildings are tightly sealed to contain the conditioned air, they present a serious potential for backdrafts. Add to this a potential for open shafts, unprotected vertical openings in remodeled and new structures, electrical hazards, and unrelieved heat and smoke and it should be apparent how difficult the extinguishment of a high-rise fire can become. The exposures are stacked vertically (the direction the smoke convection and heat conduction want to go), and the size of the lines used to effect control and protect exposures is limited to those that can be deployed and connected in stairwells
33
What is the evacuation plan for a high rise fire
Occupants in the immediate fire area should first be evacuated as quickly as possible to three floors below the fire floor or other safe environment. Further evacuation should be based on risk to the occupants, since premature evacuation often hinders fire control efforts and adds to general confusion at the scene. The determination of risk and the decision to evacuate should be made by personnel on the floor and coordinated by Command
34
The TACTICAL OBJECTIVES in a high-rise fire are
1. Secure and maintain a viable Exit stairwell
2. Rescue any immediately threatened occupants
3. Stop the production of life threatening heat and smoke by extinguishing the fire
4. Manage the spread of existing heat and smoke throughout the building by pressurizing the stairwells, controlling the building H.V.A.C., and, if possible, cross ventilation of the fire floor. As soon as possible relieve the pressure of heated, toxic gases to prevent them from moving into the core and onto other unoccupied floors
5. Start Property conservation early and address loss control in all objectives
35
The initial arriving units to a fire in a high-rise building should be concerned with
Requesting additional resources if there is evidence of a fire. Establishing Command and Lobby Sector.
Assessing lobby conditions, verifying actual fire and fire location(s). Providing, or verifying, a continuous water supply.
Supporting the sprinkler system (if present)
Identifying the fire floor.
Providing for the life safety of persons in immediate danger. Obtaining keys from interior lockbox.
Distributing keys, stair phones, and schematics to crews.
Recalling and assuming control of the elevators.
Assessing stairs, designating firefighting/evacuation stairs. Providing for search and extinguishment on the fire floor.
Providing for firefighter safety, survival, accountability, and welfare
36
What does the initial attack team consist of in a high rise fire
The Initial Attack should consist of at least three (3) companies, preferably 2 engines and 1 ladder
37
How many people are needed in lobby sector
At least one member shall remain in the lobby area as Lobby Sector and to gain control of all elevators using Emergency Recall or Fire Feature. Lobby Sector must maintain accountability for attack companies and their method of ascent
38
What do initial attack companies go upstairs with
The Initial Attack companies will go upstairs with only SCBA's, bottles, portable radios, flashlights, hose packs, and forcible entry tools. If access is via an elevator, an extinguisher should also be taken. Other equipment will be pooled in the lobby until a Resource Sector is established (See Resource Sector
39
Who should get keys in a high rise fire
One set of keys, a stair phone, and a copy of the building floor plan should be issued to the officer going to the fire floor and a second set to the officer going to the floor above. At least one set of keys should be retained in Lobby to access fire pump rooms, main electric rooms, etc
40
Lobby Sector duties
• Open interior lockbox, remove keys, and access fire control room. • Distribute keys, stair phones, and pre-fire plans to crews.
• Identify fire location(s) utilizing alarm panel, witness reports.
• Recall and assume control of elevators. Assess for FD use.
• Verify fire pump is running (water may need to be flowing before pump is activated). If there is no fire pump, cause standpipe to be charged by communicating with Command
Identify attack and evacuation stairwells (Attack from the stairs with a roof opening, if possible, so that smoke entering the stairs through the door you enter with a hose line can be exhausted.).
• Verify stair pressurization, if present. If not, fan pressurize attack stairs and evacuation stairs as soon as possible.
• Verify auto stair door unlocking.
• Verify air handler status. Shut down if not known to be beneficial.
• Direct Security, if available, to remove occupants exiting to the exterior through lobby or down stairs to a position away from the area of failing glass or debris.
• Activate building intercom, but do not silence alarm or direct occupants in a mode of evacuation until conditions are known -- until a size-up and report is made by crews on the fire floor and vertical extension is assessed on floor above.
• Verify emergency generator operation if building power is interrupted.
• Account for members going aloft. Only the 1st Alarm units will split crews, all other units operating in the building should remain intact. All units must be accounted for by Unit I.D. and PASSPORT. Any crew or individual operating in the building shall have full protective gear, radio, forcible entry, and/or keys, and where possible, spare air bottles. If the elevators are inoperable or unsafe for use, then the ascent must be made by using the stairs.
• Evacuate any occupants trapped in elevators at Lobby level.
• Divide the Lobby floor into areas for staging and treatment of occupants and staging of incoming firefighters and equipment
41
the following conditions must be met before using an elevator in a high rise fire
Only elevators having A.N.S.I. II “fire feature'” may be used for fire department operations (A.N.S.I. Phase I provides for automatic recall of elevators when designated alarms are activated. A.N.S.l. Phase II provides for key activation and use of the recalled elevator cars).
• The shaft must be clear of smoke Only one crew (with the operator) and equipment at a time will use the car to avoid overload, and to permit room for emergency maneuvers in the car.
• Crew and operator must be fully dressed with S.C.B.A. facepieces in position for quick donning before ascent.
• A radio, forcible entry tools, step ladder, water extinguisher, and spare bottle should remain in the car with the operator.
• Elevators that travel through a blind shaft should not be used. A blind elevator shaft is defined as the portion of a shaft where normal landing entrances are not provided. If an elevator whose shaft terminates below the fire floor is present, use that car. If not, utilize an elevator that serves all floors, that is remote from the fire floor, such as a freight elevator.
• Elevators with door opening restrictors should not be used unless forcible entry tools are left in the car. At present Arizona codes do not provide for side exiting and top hatches are bolted shut.
• Avoid using the radio in or near the elevator control room. It may disrupt elevator controls.
• Know where the stairwells are prior to entering the elevator
*Only members trained in the operation, use, and methods of escape from elevators will operate the cars
42
What safety precautions need to be taken while ascending in an elevation
Crews beginning the ascent should attempt to stop the car at the first typical tower floor, but not over five floors, to verify that the 'fire feature' is working If the car performs properly, continue the ascent to two floors below the indicated fire floor, stopping every 5-7 floors to check the elevator operation. Check the shaft for smoke every time you open the door
43
What actions should be taken while ascending an elevator If you see smoke under pressure, or an accumulation of smoke so great you cannot see the top of the shaft,
You should exit the car at that point and climb the remaining floors. If the “fire feature” is still operational, the operator should exit and allow the car to be recalled to Lobby on “bypass'”. If the shaft is still clear, continue the ascent. Should the car, at any time, become erratic and unresponsive to operator commands, activate the Emergency Stop (The rebound from this sudden stop might place the car in an overload condition if it were it loaded with two crews and equipment). If the Emergency Stop fails, pry open the car door and trip the interlock. If that fails, put on your facepieces, get low in the car, and if the door opens onto the fire floor, move to the stairwell under whatever protection you can gain from the extinguisher
44
Should elevators be used for evacuation
The elevators should not be used for occupant evacuation until fire control is achieved, unless the shaft is made of concrete or masonry, and does not open to the fire floor. The occupants do not have self-contained breathing apparatus or turnouts to shield them from smoke flashing in the shaftway, nor are they prepared to climb down the shaft, or make the drop to a misaligned floor from a stalled car
45
What is a primary objective of first arriving companies
A primary objective of the first arriving units is to maintain a smoke-free exit way both for occupants leaving the building and for firefighters staging and preparing to extend hose
46
What is the best method of extending hose lines onto a fire floor
The easiest manner to extend hose onto a fire floor is to stretch it up the attack stairwell and pull it down as you advance onto the floor. Crews should layout the dry hose approximately 6" from the outside wall as they progress up the stairs
47
In a high rise fire Crews will most likely be advancing hose lines from a stair located in the 'core' of the building. If the core is surrounded by an open, unsubdivided floor plan, the potential for fire wrapping around the core exists how do you protect against this
To protect against this, the officer in charge of the fire floor should create a backup line in the opposing direction to protect the point of entry/egress
48
Why should crews check the plenum space in a drop ceiling
The plenum space above the dropped ceiling may represent the largest unobstructed space on the floor, as much as 25% of total floor volume
49
What are differences in core fires as opposed to fires near exterior walls in high rise fires
Core area fires are the most difficult because the fire often involves both stair areas. Fires near the exterior walls are easier to flank and confine, but are more prone to rapid extension to the next level through broken glass
50
The objectives of the crews operating on the floor above the fire floor on a high rise fire are to
evacuate the floor, to assess and control vertical extension of the fire, and when possible, to provide ventilation for the floor below. In a protracted fire, the floor above will be subjected to intense heat, and any occupants must be removed as soon as possible to safe refuge
51
What areas must be checked , for vertical extension
• Elevator shafts
• Supply air ducts/return air ducts/make up air ducts
• Utility shafts (pipes, electrical chases)
• Dumbwaiter/trash chutes/mail chutes
• Auto-ignition through failed window glass or mullions
• Around floor slabs at spandrels
• Auto-ignition through floors and raceways and expansion joints or cracks caused by floor failure.
• Floor materials directly above fire area.
All rooms and closets on the floor above must be opened for inspection
52
What precautions should be taken prior to breaking a window in a high rise fire
place pressure tape, if available, on the window to be broken (if not tempered), advise Command that glass will be failing, break the panel by tapping, and pull the majority of the glass onto the floor
53
PASSPORT accountability in high-rise fires for • Initial Attack Companies will be kept where
. The initial companies to enter the high-rise building may leave their PASSPORTS on the dash of their apparatus
54
Upon the activation of the Lobby Sector, where shall all companies sent into the building will turn in their PASSPORTS
Upon the activation of the Lobby Sector, all companies sent into the building will turn in their PASSPORTS to the Lobby Sector Officer (or designated Accountability Officer). The Lobby Sector Officer must retrieve any PASSPORTS left on apparatus of initial arriving companies already in the building. Companies arriving in Lobby without a PASSPORT must have a 'makeup' PASSPORT using tags from their helmets or other make-up tagsb
55
Once resource sector is established how is accountability handled
Once the Resource Sector is established, PASSPORTS of crews operating above Lobby will be delivered to the Resource Sector Officer. The Lobby Sector will maintain PASSPORTS of support crews not assigned to the hazard zone (i.e., fire floor). The Resource Sector Officer will assign Accountability Officers to the stairwell doors in Resource. PASSPORTS will be collected from crews leaving Resource to a hazard zone (i.e., fire floor) and returned to crews returning to the Resource Sector. Accountability Officers will monitor duration times of crews assigned to hazard zones and report any delayed/overdue crews. Standard PAR benchmarks will be utilized for high-rise operations
56
What are the 9 objectives in a a high rise fire
A. Determine location and progress of fire
B. Back up line in place before fire door is open
C. Assess progress of attack crews
D. Defensive line above fire floor
E. Consider full scale evacuation
F. Initiate floor by floor search
G. Relieve crews on attack lines
I. Check all upper floors for smoke and fire
J. Safety check elevators
57
When should command upgrade a high rise fire
At the first indication of actual fire or smoke, Command should escalate the response to a minimum three alarms, with the 2nd and the 3rd alarms in level-two staging
58
Where should first arriving command officer establish command and why
The first arriving Chief Officer will establish a Command location in the street.This location should provide the best visual advantage, but be clear of any failing glass and debris
59
After initial command is transferred in a high rise fire where should the initial officer be assigned
The first arriving Chief Officer should relieve the initial incident commander of the Command function and assign that officer to Lobby only
60
The immediate priorities of the first Command Officer are
: 1. Establish strong Command position and transfer Command.
2. Verify that immediate priorities are being addressed.
3. Develop a strategic plan to address, rescue, fire control, and property conservation.
4. Provide for safety and accountability of firefighters.
5. Develop a strong Command organization.
6. Call for additional resources as needed
61
First Alarm high-rise assignments will include four Battalion Chiefs. what are the roles of each one.
The first Chief Officer on scene should establish an exterior Command Post.
The second Chief Officer should assume Support Officer duties. The third Chief Officer should be assigned to the Systems Branch. The fourth Chief Officer should be assigned to the fire floor sector
62
What is Lobby Sector responsible for
The Lobby Sector will be responsible for elevators (control and track), liaison with building engineers, organize lobby for transition of evacuation, resources, treatment and firefighter access, remote air (utility trucks
63
What is the Communications Sector responsible for.
The Communications Sector will be responsible for phone systems, intercom systems, fire panel, making sure all floors have phones where needed
64
What is the Stairwell Sector responsible for
The Stairwell Sector will be responsible for selecting evacuation and firefighting stairwells, pressurization by building systems or fans, all electrical and other utilities to the building, all ventilation systems for building (HVAC), verify auto stair door unlocking
65
What is Water Sector responsible for
The Water Sector will be responsible for building fire pumps, all connections internal and external, generator, restrictors, and pressure reducers
66
What are campaign fires
Campaign situations are those incidents, which require large forces of personnel and equipment to control and continue for long periods of time
67
What activities are included in salvage
Salvage includes activities required to stop direct and indirect fire damage in addition to those required to minimize the effects of firefighting operations. This includes losses from water, smoke, and firefighting efforts
68
Salvage objectives are:
• Stop or reduce the source of damage • Protect or remove contents
69
What is the RAT
Remote Activation Terminal (RAT)- The RAT system is a proprietary name for a portable wireless fire detection system. This system will automatically notify Alarm (the Dispatch Center), if heat and or smoke are detected in the structure after crews have left the scene
70
What is the post fire inspection
Post fire inspection – walk-through inspection of the structure to monitor for rekindles after fire control, and at scheduled intervals after the fire incident has been terminated
71
Definition of Room / contents fire –
Fires that are contained to the room or area of origin and do not extend past the drywall and it’s penetrations for duct work, plumbing and electrical
72
Definition of Structural Fire –
Fires that extended into the wooden or other combustible building materials that make up the supporting members of the structure. These fires may extend from room and contents fires or originate in the structural members themselves
73
Definition of Fire watch
continuous standby of fire personnel to monitor for rekindles after a fire incident has been terminated
74
What is procedure to prevent rekindle of structure fires
At “structural fires”, The Incident Commander shall schedule post fire inspections at 2, 4 and 8-hour intervals post incident termination. These inspections should be performed by a different crew/individual than the crew/individual that conducted the original salvage and overhaul operation. In addition to a post fire inspection, the Incident Commander should have a RAT placed within the structure for a minimum of twelve hours
75
If a RAT can not be placed in a structure after a fire what should be done
If a RAT cannot be placed in the structure, more frequent inspections or fire watch may be needed. The Incident Commander may also request a Police Officer drive by the scene frequently during the first 2 hours post-incident termination
76
A high index of suspicion for rekindle should be considered for the following conditions.
* Fire that has spread to cellulose type insulation.
* Fires in multi-family dwellings where the occupants in adjacent suites have been allowed back into their homes.
* Fires that occur in or around tightly framed components, such as windows and doors.
* Fires in confined or compartmentalized structural areas.
* Fires in floor systems or under the structure. Sub floors and utility chases etc.
* Other conditions that may likely result in a secondary fire
77
Do we overhaul defensive fires
Overhaul activities as described above may not be conducted on structures that have been declared Defensive Fires. Firefighter safety prohibits standard overhaul activities in structurally compromised buildings
78
What type of fires shall a customer service sector be established
The Customer Services Sector shall be established by the Incident Commander at all structure fires
79
what sector is responsible for securing the scene and what actions need to be done.
Securing the fire scene is also a function of overhaul. Securing refers to actions required to protect the structure and contents from any further loss after fire suppression companies have departed from the scene
80
The Customer Services Sector responsibilities
Notify Red Cross, Salvation Army, or other relief agencies
. • Notify other necessary agencies and/or individuals.
• Provide coordination of salvage efforts with the loss control officer. • Where safe to do so, and after approval from Investigations Sector, coordinate a "walk-through" of the structure with the responsible party.
• Determine the location of valuables in the structure and notify Command/Loss Control officer.
• Work with Loss Control and proper utility services to restore power, gas and water, as quickly as possible to reduce additional losses through a loss of business to affected customers.
• Provide use of MFD Connectors as necessary.
• Coordinate site security. Fire watch Private security company Necessary insurance services Any services identified as necessary and possible
• Handout and explain the "After the Fire" brochure.
• Assist the Customer in notifying insurance agents, security services, restoration companies, etc.
• Provide blankets, and a shelter, where practical to do so, (i.e. an apparatus cab, neighbor's house, etc.) To get customers out of the weather and at a single location.
• Provide on-going service and support until the customer indicates our services are no longer needed
81
When contacting the Red Cross, provide the following information:
* Address of the incident.
* Address where victims can be contacted.
* Phone number of contact location.
* Number of displaced persons with information on age, sex, etc.
* Fire Department Incident No
82
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) has many benefits to fire operations.
1. PPV rapidly removes heat and smoke from the building, thus reducing the fires ability to propagate and advance.
2. PPV improves the atmosphere--thus improving patient survivability profiles.
3. Rapid removal of smoke improves the firefighter’s ability to conduct search and rescue operations and loss control operations. 4. The improved atmosphere and visibility increases the firefighter’s ability to conduct attack/extinguishment operations.
5. The improved atmosphere reduces firefighter heat stress.
6. PPV reduces losses caused by smoke and fire damage to the structure.
7. PPV can reduce the need for and risk of roof ventilation at many fires
83
where should ppv fans be placed.
Positive pressure fans should be placed at the point of entry(s) from the unburned side of the fire and be coordinated with interior fire attack hoselines.Fans should be positioned 12-15 feet back from the entry point. The objective is to create a pressure "cone" effect around the door. This position will also allow access for crews to enter the building. Where additional fans are required, placing two or more fans in "tandem"--one behind the other is more effective than side by side
84
what three requirements must be completed prior to injecting positive pressure into the structure
1. An "exit" for the pressurized air must be provided and must be located in the fire area. This is generally a window, door or other opening.
2. Positive pressure ventilation must be injected from the unburned side of the fire.
3. Ceilings should be intact to prevent extension of the fire into attic areas by PPV pressurization
85
what is the objective of ppv in a strip shopping centers, apartment complexes) or where separating walls may have been breached (i.e. plumbing, cracks, etc
The objective is to introduce PPV ahead of a moving fire and force it back into the fire area
86
how is ppv used in exposure control during a strip mall fire
For exposure control, the fans(s) would be placed at an entry point at most severe exposure first. If a heavy smoke condition exists, it may be beneficial to create a temporary opening (i.e., door) to allow an exit for the pressure and smoke. Once smoke has cleared, the exit should be closed, the building sealed, so that it will "over pressurize" the exposure. An opening in the ceiling will be required to pressurize the attic area. Over pressurized air will force hot gases back down common attic spaces towards the fire area. This can prevent fire spread extension. The second most critical exposure would then receive PPV in a similar manner. The next priority would be the fire occupancy
87
What are the Basic Attack Hoseline Placements in a structure fire
The first stream should be placed between the fire and persons endangered by it.
• When no life is endangered, the first stream should be placed between the fire and the most severe exposure or unburned areas.
• A second hose line should protect a secondary means of egress (always bear in mind the presence of Fire personnel operating in opposing positions.
Additional hoselines should cover other critical areas or when covered, back up in place hoselines.
• Whenever possible, crews should position hoselines in a manner and direction that supports rescue activities, begins confinement, protects exposures, and controls loss
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FIRE STREAM CHARACTERISTICS
Solid Stream: Greater penetration, reach and striking power. Less steam conversion.
• Peripheral: Increased heat absorption/expansion. Shorter reach. Most effective in confined spaces and protecting exposures
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What are GpMs of attack lines
1-1/2" Line: Fast, mobile, low volume, 125 GPM. • 1-3/4" Line: Fast, mobile, greater volume, 175 GPM.
• 2" Line: Reasonable speed, mobility and variable volume. Depending on pump pressure and an automatic nozzle, up to 350 GPM.
• 2-1/2" Line: Slow/difficult to move. Volume at 250 GPM. Large B.T.U. absorption
• Elevated Master Stream: Mostly stationary, slow to set up - maximum water, 500 to 1000 GPM.
• Engine mounted master stream: Fast, large volume, great reach and penetration, 500 to 1000 GPM
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What hand lines should be used in basement fires and why
When utilizing crews with handlines to enter basement fires, crews should not open nozzles until they can see and/or are near the fire--crews should not use fog streams when operating in basement fires. Steam production will be extensive. Straight streams should be used
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Are hand lines used during defensive operations
Once offensive operations change to a defensive mode, Command must prioritize hand line operations. Most often, handlines will need to be shut down to provide adequate water supply for master streams
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How should we handle people's pets
When dealing with pet or animal rescues, they should be handled similar to "property" when evaluating the risk/gain profile of the incident
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How do we treat injured animals
Animal injuries can be treated in a similar manner as BLS injuries to a human. At no time, however, should any attempt be made to provide fluids intravenously
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What is to be done when there is a question with an injured animal
Whenever there is any question regarding handling an injured, non-injured, stray or trapped animal, both the Humane Society and the AZ Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals are willing to either provide direct assistance, or serve as a clearing house in directing us to the proper agency or veterinary service. Both can be contacted thru Mesa Alarm.
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The three primary agencies that can be contacted to respond to injured animal calls (where the animal is not a threat to human safety) are:
* Mesa Animal control
* Humane Society
* AZ Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
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What are hours of operation for animal control
Mesa animal control is on duty from 8am to 8pm the other two (humane society, az society for the prevention of the cruelty of animals)agencies have personnel available 24 hours a day and will respond valley-wide when requested. In the event that they are not able to handle the particular animal involved (for example, an exotic animal) they will provide you with the proper agency to contact for assistance
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How do we move an animal out of the roadway
If it is necessary to move an injured animal out of a roadway, the recommended procedure is to wrap the animal in a blanket and immobilize it before moving it. Muzzling the animal with material such as kling or a backboard strap would be suggested. This will help to minimize the danger to the rescuers
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Can we transport injured animals
at the discretion of the ranking fire department officer, the animal may be transported to a veterinarian for emergency care. Contact Mesa Alarm for proper pet clinic or animal hospital. The cost for this treatment will either be passed on to the owner, or if the owner cannot be identified, then ASPCA will pay for the treatment. No cost will be incurred by the fire department or a member for bringing in an injured animal encountered as part of a fire or EMS response. The animal should be transported only to those clinics listed. They are equipped with full emergency care facilities and have agreed to accept animals transported by the fire department to their facilities
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What are the thrEe tactical objectives
Search & Rescue = All clear
Fire Control = Fire under control
Property Conservation = Loss stopped
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What is dispatched in a still brush assignment
A STILL brush assignment will consist of ONE engine and a brush truck
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When does a fire become a wild land fire
Any fire exceeding 50 acres will be declared as a "Wildland Fire
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What are extra units for FIRST ALARM BRUSH
• Rehab Unit • Canteen Unit
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What are extra units dispatched on a SECOND ALARM BRUSH
* Staff and Command Officer Response
* Port-A-Potties • Refueling Truck
* Mechanics • Radio Technician
* Multiple Spare Radios
* Weather Reports
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What are the three key factors in a wild land fire
WEATHER, FUEL, and TOPOGRAPHY
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Where should the command post be set up in a wild land fire
On major incidents establish a Command Post and geographic sectors as soon as possible. The Command Post should be in a location that will be safe and not have to move if the fire changes direction. Supporting elements should be able to setup at the Command Post. Select a site where a helicopter may land in close proximity to the Command Post
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What is the main goal in fighting a brush fire
The basic brush fire philosophy will be to aggressively stop the forward progress of fire whenever possible. Protection of exposures is the primary goal when immediate control is not possible
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11size-up considerations that greatly affect tactics and strategy in a wild land fire
1. Location of fire head or heads. The fast moving part of the fire.
2. Pertinent burning conditions--weather, time of day, etc.
3. Type of fuel--light, heavy fuel.
4. Exposures--improvements, buildings, crops, etc.
5. Size of fire and rate of speed.
6. Special hazards--hot spots, spot fires, developing heads.
7. Manpower needs.
8. Fuel continuity
9. Accessibility into fire area.
10. Water resource—tenders, hydrants, etc.
11. Line of retreat. How can I escape
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When addressing mop up operations, Command should
Determine the distance inside the control line to be overhauled (for small fires, this may be the entire burn area).
• During rehab of mop up crews, ensure at least two firefighters remain in the area to monitor for re-ignition or spread of fire.
• Schedule for follow-up checks by crews to ensure the fire is out in mopped up perimeter
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What is the objective of mop up
The objective of mop up is to put out all fire embers or sparks to prevent them from crossing the fireline
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What two action make up mop up
Ordinarily, mop up is composed of two actions; putting the fire out, and disposing of fuel either by burning to eliminate it, or removing the fuel so it cannot burn
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What does a proper brush fire fighting uniform consist of
A proper brush uniform consists of leather ankle high boots. Nylon hiking boots are inappropriate because of the melting and sticking potential of the nylon. Flamex uniform pants and a fatigue shirt will be used in conjunction with a brush jacket. Hats should be worn to prevent heat absorption from the highly vascular scalp area
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Where should crews be moved to when a water drop is near them
When water drops will expose ground crews they must move 200' off the line, uphill and perpendicular to the fire line
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What agency did mesa fire sign a mutual aid agreement with as far as wild land fires go
The Mesa Fire Department has signed a Mutual Aid agreement with the Arizona State Land Department for wildland fire response. This agreement shall be reviewed and renewed biennially at the discretion of the Fire Chief. Only specialty red card certified fire personnel would be allowed to participate in the program. The Special Operations chief will review personnel qualifications annually
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What is the policy on deployment of the wild land team
The Arizona State Land Department Fire Dispatcher will notify Mesa Fire Department Alarm room to send out a page to the Special Operations Chief, the on deck Crew Boss and the Duty Chief for assistance. The Crew Boss will then contact the Shift Commander. The Crew Boss along with the shift Commander will determine the personnel and the apparatus for deployment. The Duty Chief will contact the Shift Commander after the page is received and will make final approval before any deployment. The Crew Boss along with the shift Commander will evaluate the following prior to determining the deployment: Evaluate emergency incidents within the City and determine if there are field or interface fires that may require the wildland team member’s assistance or the equipment that would be used. Identify which equipment may be used, which may require recommendations from the Resource Management Supervisor
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How long do wild land crews have to deploy upon notification of an assignment
Upon notification of an assignment designated crews will deploy within 2 hours
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When the wild land Crew(s) arrives on the scene additional responsibilities that must be performed include
Individual and crew(s) safety will be paramount. The Crew Boss will consider him/herself as the primary Safety officer and will be responsible for the well being of the crew.
Crew(s) will work under the National Incident Management system (NIMS) and be under the direction of an Incident Commander.
Crew(s) will work under a Strike Team Leader that is closely monitored by a Division Supervisor.
Crew(s) will be monitored by “lookouts” that warn them if extreme fire behavior or dangerous situations develop and will quickly relocate to a safe area that was already identified.
The deployed Crew Boss will provide a daily report by phone to the Special Operations Chief. The Special Operations Chief will advise Mesa Fire Departments Public Information Chief (PIO).
The Crew Boss will ensure that the crew time report and equipment shift ticket is completed at the end of each shift.
Upon returning to the City of Mesa the Crew Boss will notify the Shift Commander, Staffing, Alarm room of there return to the City
