200 series P 400- 500 Flashcards
What type of supplies are kept in resource sector
Typical supplies include spare air bottles, hose, nozzles, hand tools, blowers, lights and loss control equipment. For major medical incidents backboards, c-collars, oxygen, and associated equipment should be assembled
Where is the resource sector usually located in a high rise fire
For high-rise operations, the Resource Sector is normally established two floors below the fire floor or other safe environment location below the fire. Command may identify the location of the Resource Sector or direct the assigned sector officer to find and announce an appropriate location. The Resource Sector Officer should attempt to locate an area large enough to meet the foreseeable needs of the Resource Sector, which may be much largerl than initial needs would dictate. This will avoid congestion and the need to relocate the Sector
How many crews are kept in resource sector
A minimum of one company for every company on the fire floor should be maintained in Resource
What radio designation is given to resource
In high-rise fires, the radio designation “Resource” should include the floor number that Resource is located on (i.e., “Resource 25
When do we take extra precautions regarding the heat
from May 15th to September 15th or as needed whenever temperatures are expected to exceed 105 degrees or whenever the combination of air temperature and humidity equal a humiture index of 105 degrees
What are the COMPANY OFFICER’S RESPONSIBILITIES during a high heat index
- Outside cardiovascular activity (tennis, racquetball, running, etc.). Shall be limited to a maximum of 30 minutes.
- a minimum of 64 ounces (2 quarts) of fluid should be consumed during the 24 hour shift.
- work/rest cycles–request a relief company and assignment to rehab after crew has consumed two bottles of air.
- company activity and request additional resources as necessary
What areCOMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES during a high heat index
- Establish a Rehab Sector on all working fires.
- Assign companies to Rehab Sector. (companies shall remain in rehab for a minimum of 20 minutes and meet rehab criteria befor reassingnment ).
- Utilize the practice of first company in, first company out routine. • Request additional resources as necessary
What are DISPATCH/DEPLOYMENT RESPONSIBILITIES during a high heat index
3 & 1 assignment–one relief RIC company and rehab van will be dispatched on all working structural fires.
• 1st Alarm–one additional company and the rehab van will be dispatched on all working 1st Alarm assignments
Rehab Sector The Rehabilitation Sector, radio designation REHAB, will provide the following services
: • Medical assessment and /or treatment and/or transportation for injuries/illnesses
• Revitalization - rest, hydration and refreshments • Initial stress support assessment
• Reassignment determination
A Rehab Team will be utilized wherever possible to establish and manage the Rehab Sector. This team will consist of
- Rehab Truck
- Utility Truck
- Ambulance
- ALS Company
- Designated Sector Officer with Crew
- CISM Team Member, as Needed
If rehab 206 is unavailable what should be done and where should it be set up
Should the Rehab vehicle be unavailable, the Health Center staff supports Rehab 710 (Phoenix Fire) with portable misting system and other rehab equipment. A City bus may also be called to the incident scene to provide cooling. The Rehab Sector and Rehab vehicle(s) should be located adjacent to the Command Post, whenever possible. A utility truck and the mobile canteen may also be assigned to this sector. The Rehab Sector area boundaries will be defined with blue tape and will have only one entry point
SECTION A: Entry Point & Member Triage Entry point rehab sector personnel will:
- Monitor the entry point and determine if decon is needed
- Collect and place passports on status board
- Log member entry on Rehabilitation Sector Personnel Log (Once the incident is terminated, the Rehab Sector Personnel Log will be given to the Incident Commander)
- Take vital signs and assess need for medical treatment
Members in rehab will be triaged as follows:
- Any member who has a pulse rate greater than 120 and/or has a medical complaint, will be directed or moved to Section C, Medical Treatment and Transport, for additional assessment and treatment. (The entire crew will report to Section C.)
- Members that do not require medical attention will report to Section B, Hydration and Replenishment
SECTION B: of rehab Hydration and Replenishment is responsible for which part of rehab
This section may be staffed by the canteen driver or other designated personnel. Personnel will be provided supplemental cooling devices, fluid and electrolyte replacement, and the proper amount of nourishment. Initial CISM support will be provided in this section, if needed
SECTION C: Medical Treatment and Transport of rehab does what
An ALS company and an ambulance crew will staff this section. Personnel reporting here will receive evaluation and treatment for injuries or illness. The ALS Company will monitor members: • Pulse, • B/P, and • Body Temperature
The Rehab medical personnel, in conjunction with medical direction, will be responsible for determining a member’s final Section C disposition. Final dispositions include
(1) member be allowed to return to fire operations,
(2) not be allowed to return to fire operations, or
(3) be transported to a medical facility for further evaluation and/or treatment. Medical personnel will consider the following criteria when making the recommendation. • 20 minute resting heart rate above 100 beats per minute? • Body temperature greater than 101 F? • Diastolic blood pressure less than 100
SECTION D: Reassignment The member(s) assigned to Section D will:
- Notify the Rehab Sector Officer that a crew is ready for redeployment. The new assignment will be communicated to the crew’s officer, or
- Advise the Rehab Sector Officer that a partial crew is available for reassignment. All personnel leaving Rehab will retrieve passports from the Rehab Sector Officer. It is the responsibility of the Rehab Sector Officer to frequently update Command with information regarding the number of crews, their availability for reassignment, and the status of injured personnel
When is replenishment sector used
The Incident Commander may use the radio designation REPLENISHMENT instead of REHAB, when shorter work cycles, and lower ambient temperatures do not require the need for a full Rehab Sector
Tactical support activities are those functions that
assist active fire control and rescue operations. They generally include forcible entry, ventilation and the provision of access
You ventilate a building principally for two reasons:
• To prevent mushrooming • To gain (and maintain) entry
When should ventilation be done
ventilation should be provided in advance of attack lines
Who should determine if ventilation is needed
The best operating position to determine if a building requires ventilation and the location and timing of that ventilation is the inside sector. Interior and roof forces must communicate in order to coordinate the effort effectively
How should roof lines be operated
Operate roof lines only for the purpose of protecting personnel and external exposures, unless Command orders a coordinated roof attack. Do not operate hoselines, particularly ladder pipes, down ventilation holes
For bowstring/arched roofs the policy is:
- When fire is in the attic/truss space, and it is safe to do so, quickly search the building and implement a defensive strategy.
- When crews are unable to locate the fire, and it is safe to do so, quickly search the building and implement a defensive strategy.
- When fire involves a room and contents with no evidence of extension to the attic/truss space – implement a quick, aggressive, offensive strategy
RESIDENTIAL TILE ROOF POLICY
For interior and/or attic fires in single family residences with tiled roofs, firefighters are prohibited from going to the roof
Why is it desire able to group companies together in tactical situations
In many tactical situations it is desirable to group companies together in Sectors to achieve more effective results. This consolidates the efforts of the companies toward tactical goals and makes command more manageable
What is the concept of an attack team
The Attack Team is a concept in which companies are assigned on the fireground in groups to work toward a specific goal and/or in a specific area. An Attack Team is an effective size operational group for many fireground tasks and provides a sound basis for the creation of sectors which may be built upon as the incident progresses
What does a standard attack team consist of
A standard Attack Team consists of two engine companies plus a ladder company
What would a common deployment for an attack team be
A common deployment for an Attack Team involves a “forward” pumper supplied by one or two lines from a “key” pumper on a hydrant. With this configuration the Captain of the “forward” engine company normally becomes the Attack Team leader and initial Sector Officer
What is to be done if there is insufficient resources to place a full attack team at each strategic position
Command may elect to assign a single unit to a position and assign subsequent arriving units to fill out the team, as they arrive. In this case, the first engine would usually lay a supply line to the forward position and begin operations. The later arriving engine would pump the line or reverse a secured supply line to the hydrant and pump both lines. Personnel from the second Engine and the Ladder Company join the first crew at the attack location
Prior to the 40’s how were high rise buildings constructed
Prior to the 1940’s, high-rise floors were relatively small, utilizing operable windows for natural light and ventilation. These predominantly steel-framed structures were encased and subdivided with heavy masonry walls, (and the codes we use today for fire resistance of structural members were based on the then, normal fire loading of 8000 B.T.U.’s per pound of contents). The result was slow moving fires in small compartments with the building mass absorbing much of the energy of the fire
How are modern buildings different from earlier high rise buildings
Modern high-rises are as much as 75% lighter in mass than these earlier buildings. They are also taller, with open landscaped floors as large as 20,000 sq. ft. The content loading in a modern high-rise can generate as much as 2-1/2 times the B.T.U. output of the fires from which the fire codes were derived
What are some of the major problems with high rise fires
These large, open floors provide ample oxygen and fuel, and high-rise fires are capable of reaching flashover in under 10 minutes. Couple this with a typical response time of 20 minutes to the fire floor and you may find a fire on arrival that is already beyond the ability of hand lines to control, and beyond the limits of the structure to contain. There are other problems. Because high-rise buildings are tightly sealed to contain the conditioned air, they present a serious potential for backdrafts. Add to this a potential for open shafts, unprotected vertical openings in remodeled and new structures, electrical hazards, and unrelieved heat and smoke and it should be apparent how difficult the extinguishment of a high-rise fire can become. The exposures are stacked vertically (the direction the smoke convection and heat conduction want to go), and the size of the lines used to effect control and protect exposures is limited to those that can be deployed and connected in stairwells
What is the evacuation plan for a high rise fire
Occupants in the immediate fire area should first be evacuated as quickly as possible to three floors below the fire floor or other safe environment. Further evacuation should be based on risk to the occupants, since premature evacuation often hinders fire control efforts and adds to general confusion at the scene. The determination of risk and the decision to evacuate should be made by personnel on the floor and coordinated by Command
The TACTICAL OBJECTIVES in a high-rise fire are
- Secure and maintain a viable Exit stairwell
- Rescue any immediately threatened occupants
- Stop the production of life threatening heat and smoke by extinguishing the fire
- Manage the spread of existing heat and smoke throughout the building by pressurizing the stairwells, controlling the building H.V.A.C., and, if possible, cross ventilation of the fire floor. As soon as possible relieve the pressure of heated, toxic gases to prevent them from moving into the core and onto other unoccupied floors
- Start Property conservation early and address loss control in all objectives
The initial arriving units to a fire in a high-rise building should be concerned with
Requesting additional resources if there is evidence of a fire. Establishing Command and Lobby Sector.
Assessing lobby conditions, verifying actual fire and fire location(s). Providing, or verifying, a continuous water supply.
Supporting the sprinkler system (if present)
Identifying the fire floor.
Providing for the life safety of persons in immediate danger. Obtaining keys from interior lockbox.
Distributing keys, stair phones, and schematics to crews.
Recalling and assuming control of the elevators.
Assessing stairs, designating firefighting/evacuation stairs. Providing for search and extinguishment on the fire floor.
Providing for firefighter safety, survival, accountability, and welfare
What does the initial attack team consist of in a high rise fire
The Initial Attack should consist of at least three (3) companies, preferably 2 engines and 1 ladder
How many people are needed in lobby sector
At least one member shall remain in the lobby area as Lobby Sector and to gain control of all elevators using Emergency Recall or Fire Feature. Lobby Sector must maintain accountability for attack companies and their method of ascent
What do initial attack companies go upstairs with
The Initial Attack companies will go upstairs with only SCBA’s, bottles, portable radios, flashlights, hose packs, and forcible entry tools. If access is via an elevator, an extinguisher should also be taken. Other equipment will be pooled in the lobby until a Resource Sector is established (See Resource Sector
Who should get keys in a high rise fire
One set of keys, a stair phone, and a copy of the building floor plan should be issued to the officer going to the fire floor and a second set to the officer going to the floor above. At least one set of keys should be retained in Lobby to access fire pump rooms, main electric rooms, etc
Lobby Sector duties
• Open interior lockbox, remove keys, and access fire control room. • Distribute keys, stair phones, and pre-fire plans to crews.
• Identify fire location(s) utilizing alarm panel, witness reports.
• Recall and assume control of elevators. Assess for FD use.
• Verify fire pump is running (water may need to be flowing before pump is activated). If there is no fire pump, cause standpipe to be charged by communicating with Command
Identify attack and evacuation stairwells (Attack from the stairs with a roof opening, if possible, so that smoke entering the stairs through the door you enter with a hose line can be exhausted.).
• Verify stair pressurization, if present. If not, fan pressurize attack stairs and evacuation stairs as soon as possible.
• Verify auto stair door unlocking.
• Verify air handler status. Shut down if not known to be beneficial.
• Direct Security, if available, to remove occupants exiting to the exterior through lobby or down stairs to a position away from the area of failing glass or debris.
• Activate building intercom, but do not silence alarm or direct occupants in a mode of evacuation until conditions are known – until a size-up and report is made by crews on the fire floor and vertical extension is assessed on floor above.
• Verify emergency generator operation if building power is interrupted.
• Account for members going aloft. Only the 1st Alarm units will split crews, all other units operating in the building should remain intact. All units must be accounted for by Unit I.D. and PASSPORT. Any crew or individual operating in the building shall have full protective gear, radio, forcible entry, and/or keys, and where possible, spare air bottles. If the elevators are inoperable or unsafe for use, then the ascent must be made by using the stairs.
• Evacuate any occupants trapped in elevators at Lobby level.
• Divide the Lobby floor into areas for staging and treatment of occupants and staging of incoming firefighters and equipment
the following conditions must be met before using an elevator in a high rise fire
Only elevators having A.N.S.I. II “fire feature’” may be used for fire department operations (A.N.S.I. Phase I provides for automatic recall of elevators when designated alarms are activated. A.N.S.l. Phase II provides for key activation and use of the recalled elevator cars).
• The shaft must be clear of smoke Only one crew (with the operator) and equipment at a time will use the car to avoid overload, and to permit room for emergency maneuvers in the car.
• Crew and operator must be fully dressed with S.C.B.A. facepieces in position for quick donning before ascent.
• A radio, forcible entry tools, step ladder, water extinguisher, and spare bottle should remain in the car with the operator.
• Elevators that travel through a blind shaft should not be used. A blind elevator shaft is defined as the portion of a shaft where normal landing entrances are not provided. If an elevator whose shaft terminates below the fire floor is present, use that car. If not, utilize an elevator that serves all floors, that is remote from the fire floor, such as a freight elevator.
• Elevators with door opening restrictors should not be used unless forcible entry tools are left in the car. At present Arizona codes do not provide for side exiting and top hatches are bolted shut.
• Avoid using the radio in or near the elevator control room. It may disrupt elevator controls.
• Know where the stairwells are prior to entering the elevator
*Only members trained in the operation, use, and methods of escape from elevators will operate the cars
What safety precautions need to be taken while ascending in an elevation
Crews beginning the ascent should attempt to stop the car at the first typical tower floor, but not over five floors, to verify that the ‘fire feature’ is working If the car performs properly, continue the ascent to two floors below the indicated fire floor, stopping every 5-7 floors to check the elevator operation. Check the shaft for smoke every time you open the door
What actions should be taken while ascending an elevator If you see smoke under pressure, or an accumulation of smoke so great you cannot see the top of the shaft,
You should exit the car at that point and climb the remaining floors. If the “fire feature” is still operational, the operator should exit and allow the car to be recalled to Lobby on “bypass’”. If the shaft is still clear, continue the ascent. Should the car, at any time, become erratic and unresponsive to operator commands, activate the Emergency Stop (The rebound from this sudden stop might place the car in an overload condition if it were it loaded with two crews and equipment). If the Emergency Stop fails, pry open the car door and trip the interlock. If that fails, put on your facepieces, get low in the car, and if the door opens onto the fire floor, move to the stairwell under whatever protection you can gain from the extinguisher
Should elevators be used for evacuation
The elevators should not be used for occupant evacuation until fire control is achieved, unless the shaft is made of concrete or masonry, and does not open to the fire floor. The occupants do not have self-contained breathing apparatus or turnouts to shield them from smoke flashing in the shaftway, nor are they prepared to climb down the shaft, or make the drop to a misaligned floor from a stalled car
What is a primary objective of first arriving companies
A primary objective of the first arriving units is to maintain a smoke-free exit way both for occupants leaving the building and for firefighters staging and preparing to extend hose
