20 - further programming

Question 1

programming paradigm

Answer 1

a set of programming concepts
- low level, imperative, object oriented, declarative

Question 1

low level programming

Answer 1

programming instructions that use the computer’s basic instruction set.
- assembly language, machine code
- used when program makes use of specific addresses and registers in a comp
eg writing a printer driver

Question 2

imperative programming

Answer 2

programming paradigm in which the steps required to execute a program are set out in the order they need to be carried out
- may be smaller and take less time to execute - fewer instructions and less data storage required
- good for small, simple programs, easy to read

Question 3

object oriented programming

Answer 3

a programming methodology that uses self-
contained objects, which contain programming statements (methods) and data, and which
communicate with each other
- more complex problems, enables programmers to work with real life things

Question 4

class

Answer 4

a template defining the methods and data of a certain type of object

Question 5

attributes

Answer 5

the data items in a class.

Question 6

method

Answer 6

a programmed procedure that is defined as part of a class.

Question 7

encapsulation

Answer 7

process of putting data and methods together as a single unit, a class.

Question 8

object

Answer 8

an instance of a class that is self-contained and includes data and methods.

Question 9

property

Answer 9

data and methods within an object that perform a named action.

Question 10

instance

Answer 10

An occurrence of an object during the execution of a program.

Question 11

data hiding

Answer 11

technique which protects the integrity of an object by restricting access to the
data and methods within that object.

Question 12

inheritance

Answer 12

process in which the methods and data from one class, a superclass or base class, are copied to another class, a derived class.

Question 13

polymorphism

Answer 13

feature of object-oriented programming that allows methods to be redefined
for derived classes.

Question 14

overloading

Answer 14

feature of object-oriented programming that allows a method to be defined
more than once in a class, so it can be used in different situations.
eg use the method with different parameters

Question 15

containment

Answer 15

process by which one class can contain other classes.

Question 16

destructor

Answer 16

a method that is automatically invoked when an object is destroyed.

Question 17

declarative programming

Answer 17

statements of facts and rules together with a mechanism for setting goals in the form of a query.

Question 18

writing a program for a binary tree

Question 19

exception

Answer 19

an unexpected event that disrupts the execution of a program
caused by:
- programming errors
- user errors
- hardware failure
eg /0, reaching end of file unexpectedly, trying to open a file that doesn’t exist, losing connection to a device eg printer

Question 20

exception handling

Answer 20

the process of responding to an exception within the program so that the program does not halt unexpectedly.
- makes a program more robust as it traps the error and outputs a message followed by an orderly shutdown or recovery if possible