2. woody and herbaceous stems

Question 1

what are the main functions of the stem

Answer 1

-Support
-Transport(conduction)

Question 2

what is a phytomere

Answer 2

repeating unit of a plant shoot, produced in a sequence by the shoot apical meristem
-leaf
-node
-internode
-axillary bud

Question 3

what is leaf primordia

Answer 3

small, immature, and undeveloped structures that give rise to new leaves. They form at the shoot apical meristem and eventually develop into fully functional leaves. Leaf primordia are arranged in a specific pattern around the meristem, and their development marks the beginning of leaf formation

Question 4

tunica organization

Answer 4

outer layer of cells in the apical meristem, aids in increase of diameter and formation of new leaves

Question 5

corpus organization

Answer 5

inner region of cells beneath tunica, responsible for growth and formation of internal tissue (vascular and ground tissue)

Question 6

what is a lenticel and its purpose

Answer 6

small, raised, pore-like structures found on the stems and twigs of woody plants and trees. They are essentially openings in the bark that allow for gas exchange between the internal tissues of the plant and the atmosphere

Question 7

monopodial vs sympodial growth

Answer 7

Monopodial: has a continuous main stem, tend to be taller and straighter, features lateral branching
Sympodial: a series of stems that replace one another, more sprawling and bushier, emphasizes the lateral branches taking over the role of the main stem

Question 8

types of pith

Answer 8

Continuous: solid column of parenchyma cells extending through the stem without interruptions.
Discontinuous: made up of separate pith cells or groups of pith cells interspersed with vascular tissue or other structures
Hollow: the center of the stem is empty, creating a cavity. This type can help reduce the weight of the stem while maintaining structural integrity.
Spongy: loosely arranged cell structure, allowing for the storage of air and water, contributing to buoyancy and lightness.
Solid: tightly packed parenchyma cells, making it denser and providing more support to the plant.
Chambered: contains distinct chambers or cavities that can help in the storage of materials and gases.
Label a bulb

Question 9

underground specialized stems

Answer 9

tubers
rhizomes
corms
bulbs

Question 10

aboveground specialized stems

Answer 10

stolons/runners
cladodes
thorns
tendrils