1. movement of water in plants Flashcards
bulk flow
-substances move through a system due to differences in pressure or concentration, allowing for the rapid transport of fluids, nutrients, and other materials over relatively long distances
diffusion
-the movement of molecules across membranes and within cells. By relying on concentration gradients and kinetic energy, diffusion supports essential biological functions, including gas exchange, nutrient uptake, and waste removal
osmosis
-the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, driven by differences in solute concentration. It is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, supporting nutrient transport, and regulating water balance in various biological systems
cell membrane structure
a dynamic structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. This complex arrangement allows the membrane to perform essential functions such as selective permeability, cell communication, and maintaining the integrity of the cell.
turgor pressure
the internal pressure exerted by the fluid in plant cells against the cell wall, crucial for maintaining cell shape, supporting plant structure, and facilitating growth
plasmolysis
process that results from the loss of water from plant cells in hypertonic solutions, leading to the detachment of the cell membrane from the cell wall. It serves as a critical example of osmotic behavior in plant cells and has implications for plant health and agricultural practices
imbibition
the process of water absorption by solid or colloidal substances, leading to swelling. It plays a crucial role in seed germination, plant growth, and various biological and agricultural processes
symplast
symplast is the pathway for the movement of substances through the interconnected cytoplasm of living cells
apoplast
apoplast is the pathway for movement through the non-living structures, including cell walls and intercellular spaces
transport across membranes
Protein-mediated transport across membranes is essential for cellular function, involving various types of proteins such as channel proteins, carrier proteins, pumps, and receptor proteins
active-proton pumps
active transport mechanisms that move protons across biological membranes against their concentration gradients, using energy from ATP hydrolysis
facilitated diffusion
passive transport mechanism that enables specific molecules to cross cell membranes with the help of transport proteins, either through channels or carriers. It does not require energy and is crucial for the uptake of nutrients and ions in cells, contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and physiological functions.
vesicle mediated transport
cellular process that involves the movement of materials within vesicles, enabling the uptake of substances, secretion of molecules, and transport between organelles. This mechanism plays a vital role in cell communication, nutrient uptake, waste removal, and membrane recycling, contributing to overall cellular function and homeostasis
how do cells communicate
Gap junctions
Plasmodesmata
enables cells to interact, respond to their environment, and coordinate activities. It involves direct cell-to-cell communication, chemical signaling, and a variety of signaling pathways, all of which play critical roles in maintaining cellular functions and overall organism health.
Plasmodesmata – what are they and what is their purpose?
specialized channels that connect plant cells, allowing for direct communication and the transport of substances between them. They play essential roles in intercellular signaling, nutrient transport, coordination of development, and response to environmental stresses, making them crucial for the overall functioning and adaptability of plant tissues.
