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ALCB - Pharma > 2 - Reversal/Rescue Agents/Antidote > Flashcards

2 - Reversal/Rescue Agents/Antidote Flashcards

1
Q

Antidote

Ergotamine

A

Nitroprusside

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2
Q

Rebound Hypertension

A

Phentolamine

Orthostatic HYPERTENSION
- Midodrine

Orthostatic HYPOtension
- Yohimbine (a2 antagonist)

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3
Q

Organophosphate poisoning

A

Pralidoxeme
(+ atropine)

DUMBBELSS

  • diarrhea
  • urination
  • miosis
  • bronchospasm
  • bradycardia
  • excitation (skeletal muscle and CNS)
  • lacrimation
  • sweating
  • salivation
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4
Q

Muscarinic agent overdose

Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Atropine

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5
Q

Methemoglobinemia

A

Methylene Blue

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6
Q

Cyanide poisoning

A

Lilly cyanide kit
+ IV sodium amyl nitrite
+ IV sodium thiosulfate

Antidote:
Hydroxycobalamine

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7
Q

Class 1A antiarryhthmic overdose

  • Quinidine
  • Procainamide
  • Disopyramide
A

Sodium lactate

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8
Q

Digoxin-induced arryhthmia

A

Lidocaine

- DOC for ventricylar arryhthmia post-MI

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9
Q

Doxorubicin toxity

A

Dexrazoxane

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10
Q

Rocuronium

A

Suggamadex

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11
Q

Opioid toxicity

A

Naloxone

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12
Q

Methotrexate toxicity

A

Leucovorin

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13
Q

Heparin

  • PTT
  • Intrinsic
  • activates antithrombin III which inactivates thrombin/IIa/IXa/Xa
A

Protamine sulfate

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14
Q

Warfarin

  • INR
  • PT
  • Extrinsic
  • Category X
A

Immediate: FFP / Prothrombin complex concentrate

Not immediate: Vitamin K

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15
Q

Cyclophosphamide
- hemorrhagic cystitis

Metabolite: Acrolein

A

MESNA

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16
Q

Methanol toxicity

A

Fomepizole

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17
Q

Benzodiazepine toxicity

A

Flumazenil

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18
Q

B-blocker overdose

A

Theophylline

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19
Q

Lidocaine systemic toxicity

A

Intralipid

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20
Q 
Acetaminophen toxicity (Paracetamol)
- to prevent fulminant hepatitis
A

N-acetylcysteine
- also used to resurrect reduced form of glutathione that works as an antioxidant to counteract the reactive metabolite of acetaminophen (NAPQ1 free radical)

21
Q 
Iron intoxication
- hemochromatosis
TRIAD:
- cirrhosis
- DM
- skin pigmentation
A

Deferoxamine
- heavy metal chelator

ACUTE: deferoxamine (IV)
CHRONIC: deferasirox and Deferipone (oral)

22
Q

Dabigatran toxicity

  • direct anticoagulant
  • binds to active site of thrombin and inhibits enzymatic action
A

Idarucizumab

- needs dose adjustment for renally impire patients

23
Q

Alteplase/Streptokinase

  • thrombolytic
  • tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) analogue
  • converts plasminogen to plasmin which degrades fibrin and fibrinogen
A

Aminocaproic Acid

- Tranexamic acid

24
Q

AV nodal blockade caused by Beta 1 blockers antidote

25
Q

Reverse neuromuscular blockade of aminoglycosides (Neomycin/Kanamycin/Paromomycin)

A

Calcium gluconate and neostigmine

26
Q

Severe cases of Chronic inorganic lead poisoning (plumbism)

A

EDTA +/- dimercaprol

27
Q

Outpatients: chronic inorganic lead poisoning (plumbism)

A

Oral Succimer

28
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

100% oxygen

Hyperbaric oxygen accelerates clearance

29
Q

Acute and chronic arsenic poisoning

A

Dimercaprol

30
Q

Acute inorganic mercury poisoning

A

Oral succimed or IM Dimercaprol

31
Q

Chronic inorganic mercury poisoning

A

Succimer and unithiol

DO NOT us dimercaprol - redistribution to the CNS

32
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Succimer

- administered at blood lead concentrations >45mcg/dL

33
Q

Copper poisoning

A

Penicillamine (DMARD)

34
Q

Antimuscarinic poisoning

A

Physostigmine

  • may be helpful
  • NOT for tricyclic overdose
35
Q

Quinidine, TC-s

A

Bicarbonate

36
Q

Fluoride, CCBs

37
Q

Digoxin

Digitalis toxicity

A

Lidocaine
- DOC

Digoxin antibodies (Digibind)
- may save patient who would otherwise die
38
Q

Caffeine, Theophylline, sympathomimentics

39
Q

Methanol, Ethylene glycol

40
Q

Benzodiazepines, Zolpidem

A

Flumanezil

41
Q

Methanol, Ethylene glycol

A

Fomepizole

42
Q

Hypoglycemics

43
Q

Amanita mushroom poisoning

A

Milk thistle

44
Q

Cisplatin rescue therapy

A

Amifostine

45
Q

Nitroglycerin tolerance

A

Glutathione

46
Q

Alpha-1 agonist overdose

A

Phentolamine

47
Q

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)

A

Intralipid

48
Q

Alteplase

  • tissue plasminogen activator analogue
  • thrombolytic
A

Aminocaproic acid

ALCB - Pharma (13 decks)

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