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ALCB - Pharma > 13 - Cancer Chemotherapy > Flashcards

13 - Cancer Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs acting on S phase

A

CHEM 665

  • cytarabine
  • hydroxyurea
  • etoposide
  • methotrexate
  • 6 - thioguanine
  • 6 - mercaptopurine
  • 5-FU
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2
Q

Drug acting on G2 phase

A

Bleomycin

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3
Q

Drugs acting on M phase

A
  • Vincristine
  • Vinblastine
  • Paclitaxel (Taxane)
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4
Q

Drugs that for DNA cross-links

A

CCCB

  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Cisplatin
  • Carmustin
  • Busulfan
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5
Q

Drugs that form hydrogen peroxide which generate free radicals

A
  • Procarbazine

- Dacarbazine

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6
Q

Rescue agent for Cyclophosphamide

A

MESNA

Cystitis can be prevented by adequate hydration

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7
Q

Rescue agent for Cisplatin

A

Amifostine

Decrease nephrotoxicity by administering mannitol with forced hydration

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8
Q

Has a wider spectrum of coverage in solid tumors and has less renal and GI side effects

A

Carboplatin

- widely used in transplant regimen

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9
Q

Part of FOLFOX and FOLFIRI regimen (solid tumors) that are resistant to Cisplatin and Carboplatin

A

Oxaliplatin

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10
Q

Ototoxic medications

A
  • aspirin
  • ibuprofen
  • cisplatin
  • kanamycin (most ototoxic aminoglycoside)
  • Gentamycin
  • Lasix
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11
Q

Highest carcinogenic potential among alkylating agents

A

Procarbazine

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12
Q

Alkylating agent used for CML

A

Busulfan

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13
Q

Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

BBBAN Me

  • Busulfan
  • Bleomycin
  • Bromocriptine
  • Amiodarone
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Methotrexate
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14
Q

Special alkylating agent that is for brain tumors

A

Carmustine
- highly lipophilic

SE: CNS toxicity

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15
Q

Alkylating agents

A
  • cyclophosphamide
  • cisplatin
  • procarbazine
  • dacarbazine
  • carmustine
  • busulfan
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16
Q

Antimetabolites

A
  • methotrexate
  • 6 - mercaptopurine
  • 5 - fluorouracil
  • cytarabine
  • gemcitabine
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17
Q

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

Methotrexate

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18
Q

rescue therapy for Methotrexate

A

Leucovorin (Folinic acid)

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19
Q

Inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis

A

6 - mercaptopurine

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20
Q

6-MP metabolism is inhibited by

A
  • Allopurinol

- Febuxostat

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21
Q

MOA of Pemetrexed

A

inhibits:

  • thymidylate synthase
  • dihydrofolate reductase
  • purine nucleotide synthesis
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22
Q

Inhibits thymidylate synthase causing thymineless death of cells

A

5-Fluorouracil

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23
Q

Prodrug of 5-FU

A

Tegafur

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24
Q

Inhibits:

  • DNA repair and synthesis
  • ribonucleotide reductase with reduced formation of dNTPs
A

Cytarabine
- most specific for the S phase in cell cycle

Gemcitabine

  • used for pancreatic CA
  • can be used for solid tumors

*-BINE - inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

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25
Q

Drugs that inhibit ribonucleotide reductase

A
  • Fludarabine
  • Cladribine
  • Cytarabine
  • Gemcitabine
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26
Q

Drugs that have SE of hand-foot syndrome

  • “Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia”
  • redness, swelling and pain sometimes with blistering
A
  • Capecitabine

- Pemetrexed

27
Q

Natural Product Anti-cancer drugs

A
  • Vincristine
  • Vinblastine
  • Etoposide
  • Topotecan
  • Paclitaxel
28
Q

Prevents microtubule assembly

A
  • Vincristine (crispy nerves: peripheral neuropathy)

- Vinblastine (BM suppression)

29
Q

Prevents microtubule disassembly

A

Taxane

  • Paclitaxel
  • Docetaxel
  • Cabazitaxel
30
Q
  • Inhibits Topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase)

- inhibits mitochondrial electron transport

A

Etoposide

E2poside

31
Q

Inhibits Topoisomerase I

A

Topotecan

32
Q

Camptothecin that is used for advanced ovarian CA (2nd line) and small cell lung CA

A

Topotecan

33
Q

Camptothecin that is used for metastatic colon CA

A

Irinotecan

34
Q
  • Intercalates between base pairs
  • inhibits topoisomerase II
  • generates free radicals
A

Doxorubicin

SE:

  • ruby red: red urine
  • Cardiomyopathy
35
Q

Rescue therapy for Doxorubicin

A

Dexrazoxane

36
Q

Anthracycline

A
  • Doxorubicin
  • Daunorubicin
  • Idarubicin
  • Epirubicine
  • Mitoxantrone
37
Q

Anthracycline used for ALL

A

Daunorubicin

38
Q

Anthracycline used for AML

A

Idarubicine

39
Q

Antitumor drug that generates free radicals causing DNA strand breaks
- also intercalates with DNA

A

Bleomycin

40
Q
  • Binds to double-stranded DNA

- inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis

A

Actinomycin

other name: dactinomycin
- oldest antitumor antibiotic

41
Q

Inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of:

  • BCR-ABL oncogene in CML
  • cKit tyrosine kinase in GIST
A

Imatinib

Gleevec

  • imatinib mesylate
  • GIST
42
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is also used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Nintedanib

43
Q

Acts on breast CA cells that overexpress Her-2/neu

A

Trastuzumab / Pertuzumab / Lapatinib
- monoclonal antibody

Use: metastatic breast CA

44
Q

SE of Trastuzumab

A

Cardiomyopathy

like doxorubicin

45
Q

Monoclonal antibody that inhibits binding of VEGF to VEGFR.

  • inhibits tumor vascular permeability
  • enhances tumor blood flow and drug delivery
A

Bevacizumab

  • inhibits angiogenesis
46
Q

Drug that acts a multiple kinase inhibitor against VEGFR1 to 3 kinases and is used for thyroid cancer

A

Levatinib

47
Q

Binds to surface protein in NHL cells inducing complement-mediated lysis, direct toxicity and induction of apoptosis

A

Rituximab

48
Q

Binds to EGFR inhibiting downstream EGFR signaling, enhances response to chemo and radiotherapy

A

Cetuximab

Bevacizumab
- inhibits binding of VEGF

49
Q

Inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase

A

Erlotinib

Cetuximab
- binds to EGFR

50
Q

MOA is endogenous glycoproteins with antineoplastic, immunosuppressive and antiviral actions

A

Interferon-alpha

51
Q

hydrolyzes circulating L-asparaginase leading to rapid inhibition of protein synthesis

A

Asparaginase

- used for ALL

52
Q

Vitamin derivative that allows DNA transcription and differentiation of immature leukemic promyelocytes into mature granulocytes

A

All-trans retinoic acid

53
Q

Antifolate analog

A

Pralatrexate

54
Q

Inhibits polymerase alpha and beta (DNA)

A
  • Fludarabine

- Cladribine

55
Q

DNA hypomethylating agent used for myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Decitabine

56
Q

Alkylating agent used for brain tumors (astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme)

A

Temozolomide

57
Q

Mitotic inhibitor (microtubule) used for metastatic breast CA

A

Eribulin

58
Q

CD30 used for Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Brentuximab

59
Q

mTOR inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation

A

Everolimus

Sirolimus

60
Q

anti-CD20 used for CLL and Follicular lymphoma

A

Obinutuzumab

61
Q

IgG4 isotype antibody that blocks protective mechanism of CA

targets PD-1

A

Pembrolizumab

62
Q

EGFR-TK inhibitor for advanced non-small cell lung CA

A

Osimertinib

63
Q

First therapeutic proteasome inhibitor used for multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma

A

Bortezomib

ALCB - Pharma (13 decks)

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