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biology gcse > 2- respiration > Flashcards

2- respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

organisms need energy for things such as

A

chemical reactions, muscle contractions, keeping warm

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2
Q

cellular respiration is a

A

exothermic reaction that is continuously occurring in living cells

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3
Q

the chemical process of cellular respiration releases

A

energy from glucose. the energy is transferred via the molecule Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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4
Q

ATP is produced in

A

respiration in the mitochondria, it is required for living processes to occur within cells and organisms

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5
Q

aerobic respiration

A

the chemical reaction in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

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6
Q

aerobic respiration is the

A

complete breakdown of glucose to release a relatively large amount of energy for use in cell processes and reactions. carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products as well as releasing useful cellular energy

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7
Q

aerobic respiration word equation

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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9
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

the chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen

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10
Q

anaerobic respiration involves

A

the incomplete breakdown of glucose and so releases a relatively small amount of energy for use in cell processes

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11
Q

anaerobic respiration in animals mainly takes place

A

in muscle cells during vigorous exercisze

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12
Q

anaerobic respiration in humans

A

glucose -> lactic acid

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13
Q

chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in humans

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3

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14
Q

lactic acid builds up in

A

muscle cells and lowers pH of the muscle tissue which makes conditions more acidic. acidic conditions can denature the enzymes in cells

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15
Q

lactic acid will eventually be broken down by

A

using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as waste products

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16
Q

the amount of oxygen required to break down the lactic acid is referred to as

A

the oxygen dept

17
Q

the process of breaking down lactic acid is

A

known as the repaying the oxygen debt

18
Q

plants and yeast can respire without

A

oxygen , breaking down the glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide

19
Q

anaerobic respiration in yeast is called

A

fermentation

20
Q

word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi

A

glucose -> alcohol + carbon dioxide

21
Q

chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

22
Q

aerobic/anaerobic respiration- oxygen needed?

A

aerobic- yes

anaerobic- no

23
Q

aerobic/anaerobic respiration- glucose breakdown

A

aerobic- complete

anaerobic- incomplete

24
Q

aerobic/anaerobic respiration- products

A

aerobic- carbon dioxide and water

anaerobic- animal cell=lactic acid yeast =carbon dioxide and ethanol

25
Q

aerobic/anaerobic respiration- energy released

A

aerobic- a lot

anaerobic- a little

26
Q

apparatus needed to demonstrate the production of carbon dioxide

A

boiling tubes, rubber bands, hydrogen carbonate indicator solution, cotton wool, glass beads, germinating seeds, boiling/dead seeds

27
Q

method to demonstrate the production of carbon dioxide

A

1) measure out 10cm3 of hydrogencarbonate indicator into 3 boiling tubes
2) put a layer of cotton wool
3) place 10 germinating seeds into tube A, 10 boiled/dead seeds into tube B, 10 glass beads into tube C
4) seal each tube with a rubber band
5) after 3 hours observe the colour of the indicator

28
Q

hydrogen carbonate indicator results

A

orange in atmospheric CO2 levels, in high CO2 levels the indicator absorbs the CO2 and becomes yellow, in low CO2 levels it loses CO2 and becomes purple

29
Q

results when demonstrating the production of carbon dioxide

A

tube A= yellow as seeds are respiring and producing carbon dioxide
tube B= remain orange as the dead seeds produce no carbon dioxide
tube C= remain orange as there is no living material

30
Q

apparatus needed to demonstrate the production of heat

A

vacuum flasks, thermometer, cotton wool, germinating seeds, dead/boilded seeds

31
Q

method to demonstrate the production of heat

A

1) set up flask A with germinating seeds and B with dead seeds
2) make sure cotton wool is plugged the top of each flask
3) hold the thermometer in place with the cotton wool
4) invert the flask
5) record initial temperature
6) after 4 days record the final temperature

32
Q

results when demonstrating the production of heat

A

the thermometer in the flask with the germinating seeds (flask B) should show an in crease in temperature. flask A should remain room temperature. this is because the seeds in flask B are respiring and producing heat energy in the process. this shows that respiration is an exothermic reaction. the seeds in flask A are not respiring because they are dead, so the temperature remains the same

33
Q

corms when demonstrating the production of carbon dioxide

A

c- we will change the content of the boiling tube (germinating seed, dead seed, glass beads)
o- the seeds used should all be of the same age, size and species
r- we will repeat the investigation several times to ensure our results are reliable
m- we will observe the change in the hydrogen carbonate indicator after 3 hours
s- we will control the volume of hydrogen carbonate indicator, the number of seeds/beads, the temperature of the environment

34
Q

corms when demonstrating the production of heat

A

c- we will change the content of the flasks (germinating seeds or dead seeds)
o- the seeds used should all be of the same age, size and species
r- we will repeat the investigation several times to ensure our results are reliable
m- we will observe the change in the temperature on the thermometer
s- we will control the number of seeds, the starting temp, the material and size of the flasks

biology gcse (13 decks)

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