❤️🔥2- gas exchange (human) Flashcards
the lungs are
the gas exchange surface in humans
all gas exchange surfaces have features which allow maximum amount of gas in the smallest space, these are-
large surface area to allow faster diffusion of gases across the surface, thin walls to ensure diffusion distances remain short, good ventilation with air so that diffusion gradients can be maintained, good blood supply to maintain a high concentration gradient so diffusion occurs faster
ribs
bone structure that protects internal organs such as the lungs
intercostal muscle
muscles between the ribs which control their movement causing inhalation and exhalation
diaphragm
sheets of connective tissue and muscle at the bottom of the thorax that helps change the volume of the thorax to allow inhalation and exhalation
trachea
windpipe that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs
larynx
also known as the voice box, when air passes across this we are able to make sounds
bronchi
large tubes branching off the trachea with one bronchus for each lung
bronchioles
bronchi split to form smaller tubes called bronchioles in the lungs connected to the alveoli
alveoli
tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place
pleural cavity
the fluid filled space between the pleural membranes which reduces friction and allows the lungs to move more freely
the passages down to the lungs are lined with
ciliated epithelial cells
cilia cells have
tiny hairs on the end of them that beat and push mucus up the passages towards the nose and throat where it can be removed
the mucus is made by
special mucus producing cells called goblet cells because they are shaped like a goblet (cup)
mucus traps
particles, pathogens like bacteria or viruses and dust and prevents them for getting into the lungs and damaging the cells there