2: Osteology, Arthrology, Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Three primary cavities of the thoracic cavity

A

Two pulmonary cavities + mediastinum

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2
Q

Three types of ribs and which ribs fall under these categories

A
  1. True (vertebrocostal) ribs: 1-7
  2. False (vertebrochondral) ribs: 8-10
  3. Floating (vertebral) ribs: 11-12
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3
Q

Which ribs fracture most commonly? Where at?

A

Middle ribs, just anterior to the costal angle

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4
Q

Supernumerary ribs

A

Extra ribs in cervical or lumbar region

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5
Q

What can cervical ribs cause?

A

Usually no symptoms, but can produce neural and circulatory problems based on proximity to brachial plexus and subclavian A

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6
Q

What can lumbar ribs cause

A

Usually no symptoms, but can cause confusion when reading radiographs

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7
Q

The head of the rib articulates with which parts of which ribs

A
  1. Inferior costal facet of the superior numbered vertebra

2. The superior costal facet of the same numbered vertebra

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8
Q

Two movements at the costovertebral joint that increase thoracic volume

A
  1. Bucket handle movement: elevating lateral most part of rib -> increasing transverse diameter
  2. Pump handle movement: elevating sternal end of rib -> increasing A/P diameter of thorax
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9
Q

Dislocation vs separation of the ribs

A

Dislocation: at the sternocostal joint
Separation: at the costochondral joint

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10
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Inserting a hypodermic needle through intercostal musculature between ribs -> obtain fluid sample or drain small amount of fluid/blood from pleural cavity

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11
Q

Where to insert a needle for a thoracentesis

A

Inferior to intercostal neurovascular bundle, but superior to collateral branches

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12
Q

Why is a chest tube inserted?

A

Remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood, or pus from pleural cavity

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13
Q

Where is a chest tube typically inserted?

A

5th or 6th intercostal space

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14
Q

Thoroscopy

A

Inserting a thoroscope into the pleural cavity through small incision for visualizing and biopsying the pleural cavity

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15
Q

What does the tubercle of a rib articulate with?

A

Transverse costal facet on thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

Costal groove of a rib houses?

A

Intercostal nerve and vessels

17
Q

What do the 11th and 12 rib lack?

A

Tubercle, neck

18
Q

Which ribs articulate with the 7th costal cartilage?

19
Q

Synovial joint

A

Diarthrosis; freely movable - has a joint space + hyaline cartilage lining the articular surface + synovium

20
Q

Seven synovial joint types

A
  1. Planar
  2. Ginglymus / hinge
  3. Trochoid / pivot
  4. Condylar
  5. Sellar
  6. Spheroidal / ball and socket
  7. Compound (combo of any of the above)
21
Q

Planar synovial joint

A

Flat, arthrodial non-axial grinding movements

22
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Synarthrosis; characterized by bone and fibrous CT

23
Q

Four types of fibrous joints

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Schindylesis
  3. Gomphosis
  4. Syndesmosis
24
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A

Amphiarthrosis; characterized by bone/cartilage/bone

25
Two types of cartilagenous joints
Synchondrosis and symphysis
26
Synchondrosis
Temporary cartilagenous unions of hyaline cartilage
27
Symphysis
Strong slightly movable joint united by fibrocartilage
28
How many pairs of external, internal, and innermost intercostal M’s are there?
11 pairs each
29
What is the external and internal intercostal M’s continuous with?
External intercostal -> external oblique | Internal intercostal -> internal oblique
30
External, internal, and innermost intercostal O and I
O: inferior border of ribs I: superior border of ribs
31
Action of external, internal, and innermost intercostals
External: elevate ribs | Internal and innermost: depress ribs
32
Innervation to external, internal, and innermost intercostal M’s
Intercostal N
33
Where are the intercostal N’s and vessels in relation to the intercostal muscles?
In between the innermost and internal intercostal M’s
34
Two internal thoracic wall muscles
Transverse thoracic M, subcostal M
35
Transverse thoracic M O and I
O: posterior surface lower sternum and xiphoid process I: internal costal cartilages 2-6
36
Transverse thoracic M action
Depress ribs
37
Transverse thoracic and subcostal M innervation s
Intercostal N
38
Subcostal M O and I
O: inferior rib I: superior rib - crosses 1-2 segments