18: Inflammation And CAD Flashcards
Constitutional risk factors other name
Non-modifiable
Name some constitutional risk factors of atherosclerosis
Genetic anomalies, FHx, XY chromies, increasing age
Name some modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis
HLD, HTN, DM, smoking, vitamin deficiencies, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, chronic inflammation
Three types of emerging risk factors for atherosclerosis
Inflammatory markers, pro-coagulant markers, process markers
Where does atherosclerosis and fatty streaks most commonly occur in vascular system?
At openings of vessels, branch points and abdomina aorta
Why does atherosclerosis occur where it does in vessels?
Flow disturbances in those locations
Three functions of endothelial cells
- Non-thrombogenic surface to maintain blood in a fluid state
- Modulates medial SM tone
- Metabolizes hormones, regulates inflammation, affects growth of other cell types
NETosis
Neutrophil extracellular traps
How does an atherosclerotic plaque form from a fatty streak?
Fatty streak becomes covered with a fibrous cap of dense collagen
Center vs periphery of a plaque
Center: necrotic, lipids, debris, foam cells, and thrombus
Periphery: inflammatory and SM cells
What causes some plaques to be more prone to rupture
Fibrous cap being continually degraded and resynthesized
Physical stressors that can cause plaque to rupture
Changes in BP, vasoconstriction
Which thrombus type is more expansively remodeled and is more occlusive, and more frequently causes STEMIs
Red thrombus
Three classes of drugs attempted to treat atherosclerosis that failed bc they increased CV adverse reactions/mortality
Steroids, NSAIDs, COX2 inhibitors
What cytokine is instrumental in driving atherosclerosis and is indicated in treatment?
IL-1B
