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H MOD - Ger > 2. Initial consolidation of power 1933-1934 > Flashcards

2. Initial consolidation of power 1933-1934 Flashcards

1
Q

what did Nazis try o do while preventing any serious opposition?

A

concentrate as much power as possible

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2
Q

what was the Nazi’s form of terror?

A

physical violence

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3
Q

What did Nazi member Goring do/have?

A

control over the police across half of Germany and established an ‘auxiliary police’ that targeted people from the left wing of politics and the Jews

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4
Q

what occurred on 1st April 1933?

A

declared Boycott Day

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5
Q

what was Boycott day and when?

A

1st April 1933

where detachments of the SA and Hitler Youth painted slogans on Jewish businesses and prevented customers from entering.

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6
Q

What did the Law for the Restoration of a Professional Civil Service provide?

A

provided for the dismissal from government employment, any non-Aryans or people married to non-Aryans

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7
Q

what allowed the dismissal from government employment, any non-Aryans or people married to non-Aryans?

A

The Law for the Restoration of a Professional Civil Service

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8
Q

What was brought under Nazi control by Goebbels?

A

Under Propaganda Minister, Goebbels, all forms of espression brought under Nazi control

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9
Q

What happened in Feb 1933?

A

Reichstag building was burnt down

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10
Q

who was blamed for reichstag fire?

A

Communists were blamed (heightened communist threat)

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11
Q

what was proclaimed from Reichstag fire?

A

an emergency decree, known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, was proclaimed

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12
Q

what did the Reichstag Fire Decree give gov?

A

This decree gave the government the power to place ‘restrictions on personal liberty, on the right to free expression, on freedom of the press’ etc.
Suspension of constitutional freedoms.

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13
Q

what did the Reichstag decree do for Nazi?

A

This gave the Nazis enormous power to deal with political opponents

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14
Q

Why was Reichstag Fire useful for Nazis?

A

Needed for election campaign, to whip up fear, to be focus of the Nazi propaganda and spilt votes of working class

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15
Q

What decree introduced from fear of communism threat is real? By who?

A

Introduction of the decree For the Protection of People and State. – emergency decree prepared by Nazis issued by President von Hindenburg

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16
Q

Under Article 48, what did Hindenburg suspend? (decree For the Protection of People and State)

A

human rights of German people

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17
Q

What did Article 48, decree For the Protection of People and State and Reichstag Fire Decree make?

A

Basis of totalitarian state established. Nothing stopping Nazis to uses these powers against other ppl and communists

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18
Q

in 1933, what did the permanent state of emergency give Nazi?

A

gave regime the ‘legal’ authority to carry out acts of terror and persecution against German ppl.

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19
Q

When was Enabling Act introduced?

A

March 1933

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20
Q

what did the Enabling Act do?

A

replaced parliamentary democracy with the role of Hitler and the Nazi Party

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21
Q

Benefits of Enabling Act for Nazi Party?

A

It did away with the need for new laws to be voted upon by the Reichstag. Hitler became the law and the Reichstag had no practical use. Gave total power for 4 years.

22
Q

When Hitler in gov, what did he do? What did it enable officials and Nazi supporters to do?

A

Hitler gave the appearance of acting legally but their laws actually destroyed the civil liberties of others;

it also enabled the officials and Nazi supporters to act criminally without fear of punishments.

23
Q

What did the Nazi party exploit once in government?

A

exploited the opportunities provided by democracy to destroy it

24
Q

What happened in May 1933 to make clear no independent thinking allowed?

A

Book Burning

25
Q

What happened in early July 1933?

A

All other political parties were disbanded

Nazi became the only legal political party in Germany

26
Q

Why did majority of Germans approve Hitler Outlawing political oppositions?

A

saw this as Hitler providing the strong leadership that they wanted

27
Q

German word for co-ordination of German Society?

A

Gleischaltung

28
Q

Why did Nazis set about co-ordination?

A

intended that German society and its institutions should conform to Nazi principles.

29
Q

what did Gleischaltung involve?

A

closing down of independent organizations, to be replaced with the Nazi controlled organizations

30
Q

What electrical device ‘co-ordinated’ by Nazi?

A

radio

31
Q

quote by Propaganda Minister Goebbels describing the use of radio:

A

“the most modern and the most important instrument of mass influence that exists anywhere”.

32
Q

Other than Hitler’s ambition of obtaining power and holding it, what were his long term aims?

A

foreign policy.
Sought to undo Treaty of Versailles, restore Germany’s position in Europe, and gain ‘lebensraum’ or ‘living space’ in eastern Europe and Soviet Union.

33
Q

What did Hitler need to achieve his long term goals?

A

needed army, business and industry on side

34
Q

What did Hitler and Ernst Rohm not share the same view of?

A

For Hitler, ‘the revolution was over’ but not view of 3 million SA led by Ernst Rohm

35
Q

What did Rohm seek?

A

second revolution and establishment of a national people’s militia. He harbored visions of being Germany’s true leader

36
Q

What did President Hindenburg, army leaders and business leaders all demand in response to threat of SA?

A

that Hitler get SA under control or ultimatum: the end of Nazi power was to come

37
Q

Quote to describe threat of SA seeking second revolution?

A

o William S Shirer:

“Not only was his plan to succeed the president in jeopardy; if the army took over, tha would be the end of him and of Nazi government.”

38
Q

What did Hitler decide to do with SA?

A

Hitler made decision to go against long term, loyal Nazi colleagues in the SA.

39
Q

What was ‘Operation Hummingbird’?

A

for SA leadership to be destroyed. Himmler’s growing SS organization used to execute plan in Bavaria and Berlin.

40
Q

Quote to show Hindenburg’s approval of Hitler destroying SA’s attempt at revolution?

A

o Hindenburg was happy with success:

“You have rescued the German people from a great danger. For that I express to you my heartfelt thanks and sincere appreciation”

41
Q

When was the Night of Long Knives?

A

30th June 1934

42
Q

What did SS leader do with Hitler’s approval?

A

SS leader, Heinrich Himmler, organized an attack on the SA leadership. The SS struck on the ‘Night of the Log Knives’ killing 200 people

43
Q

Quote by Ernest Rohm describing betrayal by Hitler?

A

“Hitler is betraying all of us… his old comrades aren’t good enough for him…”

44
Q

What happened at Night of long Knives?

A

Rohm murdered, Goering and Himmler took opportunity of this event to remove other opponents of regime such as Chancellor von Schleicher, Gregor Strasser

45
Q

what was gone with death of Rohm?

A

Threat SA, Rohm’s leadership aspirations and possibility of second revolution gone

46
Q

Outcomes of Night of the Long Knives: Army?

A

The army was satisfied that Hitler had dealt with the threat and the brutality of this operation impressed the generals. Out of gratitude the army’s troops swore a personal oath of loyalty to Hitler on the 2nd August 1934

47
Q

Quote to describe satisfaction of Army from Hitler’s action against SA?

A

Richard Evans:

“General Blomberg expressed his gratitude and assured Hitler of the complete devotion of the army”

48
Q

Outcomes of Night of the Long Knives: what did the Generals have no problem of Hitler doing?

A

combining the positions of Chancellor and President when Hindenburg died.

49
Q

Outcomes of Night of the Long Knives: what did Hitler achieve with army?

A

achieved the backing of the army

50
Q

Outcomes of Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s direct involvement?

A

enhanced his popularity as the Germans believed the propaganda that the murder demonstrated the Führer’s determination to uphold law and order

51
Q

Quote to show benefits of Hitler’s involvement in getting rid of SA:

A

Ian Kershaw:

“the popular esteem gained through his destruction of the generally hated SA was a further boost to Hitler’s power”

52
Q

Outcomes of Night of the Long Knives: what was Hitler’s power like now?

A

absolute

H MOD - Ger (14 decks)

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