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History - Henry VIII > 2 - Henry VIII and Cromwell 1529-1540 > Flashcards

2 - Henry VIII and Cromwell 1529-1540 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Cromwell’s dad do?

A

Brewer and a blacksmith

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2
Q

What language was Cromwell fluent in?

What else could you describe him as in his early life?

A

Italian

Well-read and adaptable

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3
Q

When did Cromwell enter Wolsey’s service and what did he become?

A

1516 and his councillor

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4
Q

What happened to Cromwell in 1529 when Wolsey fell from Grace?

A

He was elected burgess for Taunton so he could remain government service

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5
Q

What was Cromwell responsible for while under the role of Wolsey?

A

The suppression of 29 religious houses whose monies Wolsey endowed colleges at Ipswich and Oxford

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6
Q

When did he enter the Royal service?

A

Spring of 1530

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7
Q

What did he know about Wolsey that he used as a bargaining tool during his early dealings with the king?

A

He knew where Wolsey’s property was

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8
Q

What did Cromwell become whilst under the role of Henry?

When did he become master of the King’s jewels?

A

Parliamentary manager

1531

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9
Q

By 1533 what was it assumed Cromwell was as Henry has given him many posts during 1532-33?

A

Chief minister

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10
Q

The _____ way in which Cromwell took care of Henry’s ______ from _______, enabling the King to marry _______, certainly won him favour. He became _______(April 1534) which effectively put him at the _____ of all issues that revolved around ____.

A

skilful, divorce, Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Principal Secretary, centre, Henry

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11
Q

What was he appointed in July 1536?

A

Lord Privy Seal

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12
Q

What happened in 1516?

What was the significance?

A

Cromwell entered Wolsey’s service and became his counsellor

He watched and learned

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13
Q

What happened in 1529?

What was the significance?

A

Wolsey fell from Grace and hurriedly elected burgees (MP) for Taunton so could remain in government service
Thought of himself first as one of his “obstacles” had died and now knows how parliament works

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14
Q

What happened in 1530?

What was the significance?

A

Entered the Royal service and became a member of the Privy council
Access to King an could have influence

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15
Q

What happened in 1531?

What was the significance?

A

Was master of the kings jewels

Showed how much faith King had in Cromwell

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16
Q

What happened in 1534?

What was the significance?

A

Took care of divorce from Catherine so he could marry Anne and became Principal Secretary and put himself at the centre of the issues to do with Henry
Did the job Wolsey couldn’t and proved himself better than Wolsey

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17
Q

Cardinal ________ arrived in England in 15__to head an enquiry into the marriage between Catherine. Pope _______ was reluctant to say that Pope ______ had been wrong in letting Henry’s marriage to Catherine go ahead. ________ had controlled Rome and the Pope. He did not want his ____ Catherine embarrassed by the annulment. He was no longer Henry’s ally against ______ and didn’t see why he should help Henry. Catherine believed that her marriage was legal. Her behaviour and dignity won her much ________.

A

Campeggio, 27, Clement, Julius, Charles V, aunt, France, sympathy

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18
Q

When did Cromwell realise that Pope was never going to agree to get a divorce?

A

1531

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19
Q

When did Anne become pregnant?

A

January 1533

20
Q

Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer did what that wasn’t legal in the eyes of the church?

A

Married Henry and Anne secretly

21
Q

What was introduced in 1533?

A

Act of Restraint of Appeals, meant that England couldn’t be run by foreign people e,g Pope

22
Q

When did Henry and Catherine end up getting divorced and by who?

A

May 1533

Archbishop of Canterbury

23
Q

Who was in the Privy Chamber?

A

The King’s closest friends

24
Q

Who was in the Royal household?

A

Nobles and servants who advised the King

25
Q

Who was in the Royal council?

A

Nobles and churchmen who helped government was 100 men however Cromwell reduces to 20 including lawyers and professionals

26
Q

Who was in the Court?

A

nobles who entertained and advised the King

27
Q

What did Parliament do?

A

Passed laws proposed by the King, also known as MP’s

28
Q

What did the Justice of the Peace do?

A

Nobles who kept law and order in different areas of the country, also known as the local government

29
Q

What was the problem with the Royal council?
What did Cromwell do about it?
Why was it effective?
Why was it not effective?

A

It had 100 members (noblemen) and he thought it was too big
Replaced it with the Privy Council that was only 20 members who were lawyers and professionals
All would have equal status and experience so would stop one person dominating
It did nothing and people still dominated

30
Q

What was the problem with Crime and Justice?
What did Cromwell do about it?
Why was it effective?
Why was it not effective?

A

Ancient laws meant there were places criminals could escape justice
In 1536 made sure Parliament abolished liberties, all at once
In 1540 an Act of parliament abolished the right of sanctuary for serious crimes e.g rape, murder
Other people could still get away with minor crimes e.g theft, assult

31
Q

What was the problem with Royal Power?
What did Cromwell do about it?
Why was it effective?
Why was it not effective?

A

King didn’t have enough control over Ireland, Wales and North of England
In Ireland they introduced a permanent military force but this didn’t expand their control as of costs. In Wales they changed the Welsh laws and language to English therefore completing the take over of Wales in 1536. IN the North of England they now had more responsibility of law and order by reorganising the council and improving security in 1537.
Tackled disorder of Ireland and Cromwell secured support of the Gentry. In North of England it stopped rebellion.
There could still be small rebellions and the people didn’t have a say.

32
Q

What was the problem with Royal Finance?
What did Cromwell do about it?
Why was it effective?
Why was it not effective?

A

More money was needed in case of invasion.
Court of Augmentations (court of First Fruits and Tenths. Land were sold of quickly to noblemen and when a landowner died and the heir was a child, Crown looked after estate until heir came of age.
Collected money.
Spends too much.

33
Q

What was the problem with Parliament?
What did Cromwell do about it?
Why was it effective?
Why was it not effective?

A

There was a danger of Parliament opposing Henry’s religious changes.
In 1532 the MP’s were forced to vote, in 1533 Cromwell interfered with elections through bribery and rewards. If people disagreed they were told “need not attend” and there were pamphlets outlining laws to need in advance, this was more regularly used to gain support and it looked like people agreed with Henry.
Henry got his way and no-one disagreed with his decision.
MP’s were scared to vote in front of Henry.

34
Q

Why did Henry want rid of Anne after only 3 years?

A
  • Anne was found guilty of adultery
  • Cromwell has to show he could solve problems, he was in danger
  • Cromwell and Anne’s relationship was bad
  • She couldn’t give Henry a son
  • Henry was attracted to Jane Seymour
  • Anne imagined King’s death
  • Anne increased a sense of foreign danger
35
Q

When did Anne give birth to Elizabeth?

A

September 1533

36
Q

When did Anne have a miscarriage?

A

1534

37
Q

When was Anne’s second miscarriage?

What was different about this one?

A

January 1536

Foetus was thought to be deformed, convincing many she was a witch

38
Q

When was Anne charged with adultery and treason?

Where was she taken?

A

May 1536

To the tower

39
Q

When was Anne found guilty of adultery and treason?

A

15th May 1536

40
Q

What happened on the 19th May 1536?

A

Anne was executed

41
Q

How many men was she accused of having an affair with?

What are their names?

A

5 men

Mark Smeaton, Henry Norris, Lord Rochford (her brother), Weston and Brereton

42
Q

When did Jane Seymour marry Henry?

A

30th May 1536

43
Q

When did Gregory (Cromwell’s son) marry Jane’s sister Elizabeth?

A

1537

44
Q

When did Jane have a son called Edward?

A

12th October 1537

45
Q

When did Jane Seymour die?

A

24th October 1537

46
Q

What did Cromwell’s son marrying Jane’s sister give Cromwell?
What happened when Jane died?

A

Security

The security was lost

47
Q

What would the marriage between Cromwell’s son and Jane’s sister mean if Cromwell dies?

A

His son could be close to the King

History - Henry VIII (9 decks)

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