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History - Henry VIII > 1 - Henry VIII and Wolsey 1509-1529 > Flashcards

1 - Henry VIII and Wolsey 1509-1529 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chain of being?

A

A order of the beings in the world

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2
Q

What is the order of the Chain of Being?

A

God, Angels, Royalty, Men, Women, Commoners, Animals, Plants, Non-living things

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3
Q

What is the order of the social hierarchy?

A

The Monarch and Church, The Nobility, Gentry and merchants, Yeomen and highly-skilled craftsmen, Tenant farmers and skilled craftsmen, Labourers and unskilled workers and Vagrants, homeless and unemployed

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4
Q

What were some of Henry’s good personality traits?

A

Cares about popularity, intelligent and looked impressive, youth and had enthusiasm for sports, had a team of experienced advisors around him and England was stable with an established system of government.

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5
Q

What were some doubts about Henry’s potential to be King?

A

Ruthless, had enthusiasm for war, no experience, couldn’t control power of other countries, people paying taxes, fathered male heirs and if good harvests gave his people enough to eat

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6
Q

What happened in 1473 for Wolsey?

A

Born in Ipswich, father was a butcher and cattle dealer

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7
Q

When did Wolsey get a degree and where?

A

1498 - At Oxford uni and became a priest

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8
Q

What position did Wolsey gain in 1509?

A

A member of the royal council as Royal Almoner (in charge of giving money to poor)

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9
Q

What did Henry need Wolsey to do in 1512?

A

Needed someone to organise an army for war with France, successfully delivered and proved to Henry that he could be relied on

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10
Q

When did Wolsey become Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of York?

A

1514

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11
Q

What position did Wolsey gain in 1515?

A

Became Lord Chancellor and Henry’s chief minister and a cardinal

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12
Q

When did Wolsey become Papal Legate (Popes representative), what did this now make him?

A

1518, Wolsey became the most powerful churchman in the country

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13
Q

When was the Treaty of London?

A

1518

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14
Q

When was the Treaty of Cambrai?

A

1529

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15
Q

What Treaty was introduced in 1520?

A

Field of Cloth of Gold

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16
Q

What was the problem with the Enclosures Policy?
What did Wolsey do about this?
What were the results?

A

(Fencing off land) so increased number of poor in rural areas
Started law cases into 260 landowners for enclosing land illegally and so became enemies of the wealthy landowners
Didn’t reduce number of enclosures as L.O not being greedy, were struggling for money themselves so continued to enclose land, unemployment increased

17
Q

What was the problem with the Finance Policy?
What did Wolsey do about this?
What were the results?

A

King didn’t have enough income, especially as he wanted to keep going to war
Took crown lands back, 1/15th and 1/10ths taxes on movable goods and a subsidy tax was introduced based on the wealth of the rate payers, forced loans from landowners
Collected more money but royal spending continued to be higher than income, crown had to sell more lands

18
Q

What was the Justice Policy problem?
What was Wolsey’s actions to this?
What were the results?

A

Hard for poor to make cases to court and high costs also rich always won
Used a Star Chamber (royal court set up by Henry VIII), punished people who had a grudge against him
Too many people wanted to use Star Chamber but Wolsey didn’t have time s was dealing with Foreign Policy and he gained more enemies from people punished

19
Q

What was the Eltham Ordinances Policy problem?
What was Wolsey’s actions to this?
What were the results?

A

King’s palaces were dirty, people badly behaved and money was wasted
Made a list of rules that was 79 chapters long, included sacking servants and it would have stopped rivals having direct access to Henry
No changes made and no money saved

20
Q

What was the Amicable Grant Policy problem?
What was Wolsey’s actions to this?
What were the results?

A

Henry VIII wanted to invade France but had no money in 1525
Passed a tax without asking Parliament
Men in Suffolk fought back, collection was stopped and Wolsey didn’t attempt to pass taxes again

21
Q

Why did Henry want to divorce Catherine after 20 years?

A
  • Couldn’t give an heir
  • Henry loves Anne Boleyn (everything Catherine wasn’t)
  • She conceived 6 times but only Mary survived
  • Was married to Henry’s brother Arthur before
  • Perhaps their marriage was against Christian law
  • From 1526-27 Anne was refusing Henry’s advances and refused to be his mistress
22
Q

Why did Wolsey fall from Grace in 1529?

A

1527-Henry asks Wolsey to get him an annulment from Pope Clement
1528-Pope sent Cardinal Campeggio to England to lead a commission into the annulment
June 1529-Wolsey joined Campeggio in leading the commission, Henry thought it would go his way also Charles V was in control of Rome + Pope
July 1529-Pope recalled the commission to Rome and it looked as thought Henry wouldn’t get his way
September 1529-Wolsey was stripped of palaces in Winchester and St Albans, suspended from his Archiocese at York also Henry gave him a ring and letter that said ‘be of good cheer’
October 1529-Wolsey was charged with promunire, the chancellorship was taken and given to Sir Thomas More
Feb 1530-He received a royal pardon and was allowed to take up his duties as the Archbishop of York again
April 1530-Wolsey was ordered to move back to York away from London and court, in desperation he began writing to Francis I, Charles V, the Pope and Catherine
Nov 1530-Wolsey was arrested charged with treason and ordered to return to London for trial. He died

23
Q

What were the 5 main factors that cause Wolsey to fall from Grace in 1529?

A 
Henry’s decision 
Wolsey's personality 
Annulment
Foreign Policy failures
Anne and her family
24
Q

When did Henry become King?

A

1509

25
Q

When was the war with France, Battle of the spurs which led to a success for Wolsey?

A

1512-1514

26
Q

In what year did Catherine give birth to Mary?

A

1516

27
Q

What and when was the Treaty of London?
What did it do?
Was this a failure or success for Wolsey?

A

1518 and it was a non-aggressive foreign policy
Prevented war for 3 years only
Success

28
Q

When was the Field of Cloth of Gold?
What was it?
What was this a success or failure for Wolsey?

A

1520
Henry and Francis I met at Calais - showed power but no decisions made
Success

29
Q

When was Henry described as ‘Defender of the Faith’ by the Pope?
What treaty was in the same year as this?
What was this treaty an agreement to?

A

1521
Treaty of Bruges
To side with Charles V against Francis I

30
Q

From 1515 till what year was Wolsey having all successes and Henry having no doubts about him?

A

1524

31
Q

From 1522 till 1525 there was a war with France, what was achieved?
When did Charles V defeat Francis I?
What was England’s role in this?
What did this mean for Wolsey?

A

Nothing and it was very expensive
1525
They provided little support so damaged Henry’s reputation
Failure for Wolsey

32
Q

When was the Amicable Grant?

A

1525

33
Q

What was the Amicable Grant?
How much was it raised by?
What was the problem with this?
What did this lead to?

A

Taxation to raise money for war
1/3 of priests property and 1/6 of ordinary people’s property
It wasn’t improved by Parliament
A rebellion in East Anglia

34
Q

When was the Eltham Ordinances?

A

1526

35
Q

What was the Eltham Ordinances?

What was this trying to do?

A

A list of rules 79 chapters long to try to tackle management of palace
Reduce spending and cut numbers in the Privy chamber from 12 to 6

36
Q

When was the Treaty of Westminster?

What did it do?

A

1527

Strengthens relations with France

37
Q

When did Henry decide to divorce Catherine?

What did Wolsey try to do?

A

1527

Persuade Pope Clement VII to grant an annulment

History - Henry VIII (9 decks)

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