2 - Health inequalities Flashcards
What in SES based on?
Socioeconomic status
- education
- income
- occupational social class
- housing
- area based measures
What is a job example of a registrar generals social class I?
Professional
- accountant
- engineer
- doctor and dentist
What is a job example of a registrar generals social class II?
Managerial and technical
- teachers
- journalist
- nurses
- managers
What is a job example of a registrar generals social class III-N?
Non-manual skilled
- clerks
- shop assistants
- cashiers
What is a job example of a registrar generals social class III-M?
Manual skilled
- carpenters
- van drivers
- cooks
What is a job example of a registrar generals social class IV?
Partly skilled
- security guards
- machine tool operators
- farm workers
What is a job example of a registrar generals social class V?
Unskilled
- building labourers
- cleaners
What is the SIMD?
Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
- area based index based on group of c800 people
- takes into account employment, income, health, education, crime, housing, geographic access to services
What is the inverse care law?
The availability of good health care in an area, varies inversely with the need for it. Ie - widely available in affluent areas where there is less need, not readily available in more deprived areas where there is greater demand
What are biomedical factors of caries?
- OH
- sugars consumption
- smoking and alcohol
- exposure to fluoride
- use of dental services
What are the social determinants of caries?
- power
- money
- wealth
- conditions of daily life
- political
How does SES affect caries?
- sugar is main risk, those who are more deprived may have less access to affordable healthy diets
- may have less cooking and nutrition knowledge
What policies are effective to reduce inequalities?
- structural changes in environment
- legislation
- fiscal policies
- starting young
- community action
- improving accessibility of services
- prioritising disadvantaged groups
- reorientate health services
What policies are ineffective to reduce inequalities?
- mass media programs
- written materials eg leaflets
- opt-in campaigns
- health education campaigns for the whole population
- approaches which require high costs
What is an example of upstream interventions?
- national or local policy initiatives
- fiscal measures
