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SF2 - Test 1 > 2 - Hatcher - Eye Histology > Flashcards

2 - Hatcher - Eye Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Optical Nerve

A

Cranial Nerve 2

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2
Q

Outer Fibrous Layer of Eye

Transition between layers?

A

Sclera

Cornea

Limbus

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3
Q

Middle Layer of eye?

Distinguishing feature?

A

Choroid

Ciliary Body

Iris

Vascular layer

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4
Q

Inner sensory layer of eye?

A

Retina

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5
Q

Sclera

A

Most superficial layer

Dense connective tissue

Attachment sites for tendons of extraocular muscles

These muscles are under voluntary control!

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6
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent and Avascular

Many nerve endings

Five layers: Corneal epithelium, Bowman’s Layer, Stroma, Descemet’s Membrane, Endothelium

First bending of light

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7
Q

What parts of the eye are commonly transplanted?

A

Cornea

Descemet’s Membrane

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

What structure controls movement of water in/out of the stroma?

A

Corneal endothelium

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10
Q

Anterior vs Posterior Cavity

A

Anterior:

Anterior Chamber - Between Cornea and Iris

Posterior Chamber - Between iris and Lens

Posterior:

Vitreous Chamber (composed of gelatinous mass - Vitreous Body)

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11
Q

Ciliary Body

A

Projection of Choroid and Retina

Includes Ciliary Muscle and Ciliary Processes

Functions: Accomodation and Produce Aqueous Humor

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12
Q

Ciliary Processes

What are the two layers?

A

Attach to lens by Suspensory Ligaments

- - -

Superficial - NOT pigmented

Deep - Pigmented

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13
Q

What produces Suspensory Ligaments?

What produces Aqueous Humor?

A

Superficial epithelial cells in Ciliary Processes

Superficial and Deep epithelial cells in Ciliary Processes

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14
Q

What holds the lens in place?

What do these attach to?

A

Suspensory Ligaments

Attach to Ciliaris Muscle in radial fashion

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15
Q

Accomodation for Distant Vision

A

Ciliaris RELAXES

Suspensory Ligaments TAUT

Lens STRETCHED FLAT

= Distant Vision

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16
Q

Accomodation for Close-Up Vision?

A

Ciliaris CONTRACTS

Suspensory Ligaments RELAXES

Lens BULGED

= Near vision

17
Q

Where do ciliary processes secrete aqueous humor?

How does aqueous humor flow to the anterior chamber?

What is the fate of excess aqueous humor?

A

Into the posterior chamber

Flows via the pupil

Resorbed via the scleral venous sinus

18
Q

Glaucoma

A

Elevated eye pressure due to Aqueous Humor being produced faster than absorbed.

Can eventually lead to blindness

19
Q

Iris

A

Extension of ciliar body, controls amount of light entering eye

Anterior surface has no epithelial cells, posterior surface has two layers of pigmented cuboidal epithelilal cells

Stroma contains myoepithelial cells (dilator muscle)

20
Q

What major structures does the stroma contain?

A

Melanocytes

Fibroblasts

Myoepithelial cells (dilator muscle)

Blood vessels

21
Q

Lens

A

Focuses light onto retina

Zonular fibers attach lens to ciliary body

Outer capsule similar to a basement membrane, epithelial cells on anterior surface

22
Q

Lens Fibers

A

Derived from lens epithelium

Concentric layers of cells, lose nuclei and organelles toward center of lens

Packed with crystallins

23
Q

Main light benders of eye?

A

Cornea

Lens

24
Q

Rods vs Cones

A

Rods:

Many more

Night vision

Monochromatic

Cones:

Less

Day vision

Red, Green, Blue

Concentrated in fovea centralis

25
Q
A
26
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

Located lateral to optic disc

Area of highest visual acuity (Cones high)

27
Q

Development of Eyes

A

Optic vessicles bulge from developing forebrain and extend as optic stalks

Optic Vesicle induces ectoderm to invaginate and detach–forming precursor of lens

Optic Vesicle differentiates into Optic Cup, w/internal and external layers, which contribute to neural and pigmented layers of retina

28
Q

Formation of Sclera

Formation of Cornea

A

Surrounding mesenchyme forms the sclera, choroud, and vitreous

Cornea forms from surface ectoderm

29
Q
A

SF2 - Test 1 (20 decks)

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