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SF2 - Test 1 > 1 - Zill - Face > Flashcards

1 - Zill - Face Flashcards

1
Q

What is unique about the fascia of the face?

A

No deep fascia, all loose (except nose)

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2
Q

What is the innervation of muscles of facial expression?

A

Cranial Nerve 7 - Facial Nerve

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3
Q

What is the insertion of facial muscles?

A

Skin

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4
Q

What control are facial muscles under?

How are contractions detected?

A

Voluntary and involuntary (emotional) control

Contractions detected by stretching of skin–no or very few muscle spindles

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5
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Lower Motor Neuron Disorder of of Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve 7)

Can be associated with viral infection (herpes simplex)

Sudden onset, paralysis of all facial muscles on one side

Symptoms: Drooping, inability to close eye, loss of taste to anterior tongue, pain in or begind ear, hyperacousia

1/2 Face - Drooping eyebrow, drooping upper lip

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6
Q

Upper Motor Neuron Disorder of Cranial Nerve 7

A

Sparing of upper face

After cortical strokes, only muscles of lower face are paralyzed

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7
Q

Lower Motor Neuron vs Upper Motor Neuron Lesion in the face?

A

Upper - Only 1/2 lower face

Lower - All 1/2 face

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8
Q

Blood source for face/head?

A

Left Common Carotid - off Arch of Aorta

Right Common Carotid - off Brachiocephalic Trunk

Vertebral Artery

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9
Q

Division and path of common carotid?

A

Common Carotid divides ito external and internal carotid arteries

Internal Carotid / Vertebral Artery: Supply Brain

External Carotid: Supply Face and Head

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10
Q

Carotid Pulse

A

At Upper Border of Thyroid Cartilage

Vertebral Level C4

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11
Q

Facial Artery

A

Very winding and tortuous as skin moves

Arises from ant. side of External Carotid

Courses medial to mandible, and anterior

Site of Facial Pulse

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12
Q

Facial Artery Branches

A
  1. Superior and Inferial Labial (lip) Arteries

*Anastomoses with opposite side, cut lip can bleep profusely

- - -

  1. Angular Artery

Nose, corner of eye (Angle)

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13
Q

Superficial Temport Artery

A

Terminal brance of carotid

Anterior to opening of ear (auditory meatus)

Can take facial pulse here

Small branches to face – Transverse Facial Artery

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14
Q

Vertebral Artery pathway?

A

Courses through Foramina Tranversaria, C1-C6

Supplies Brain Stem / Spinal Cord

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15
Q

Internal Carotid

A

Enters skull without branching

Compression causes blackout

Branches in skull to Brain, Ophthalmic Artery

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16
Q

Ophthalmic Artery

A

Major blood supply to eye (orbit)

Branches leave orbit to supply Face, Forehead, Nasal Cavity

17
Q

Major route for nerves and blood vessels to reach face and nasal cavity?

A

Orbit (eye socket)

18
Q

Venous drainage in face?

A

Veins of face have no valves, drain to neck and into skull

Extensive anastomoses between Facial and Ophthalmic Veins

19
Q

Risk of Spread of Infection from Face to Brain?

Clinical sign?

A

Prolonged Infections can spread via valveless veins through orbit to Cavernous Sinus

- - -

Clinical Sign: Blurred Vision (Diplopia)

Cranial Nerves to eye muscles pass through Cavernous Sinus

Infections lateral to nose dangerous

20
Q

Clinical Test of Cranial Nerve 5?

A

Supraorbital Nerve - “Trigeminal Cranial Nerve V1”

Paperclip drag the forehead

21
Q
A
22
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

2 parts

A
  1. Palpebral Part - Close eyelids
  2. Orbital Part - Buries eyelines (ex. sandstorm)
23
Q

Paralysis of Orbicular Oculi?

A

Patient unable to close eye

Can damage cornea of eye

Often goes with mouth drop

24
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Surrounds/Closes mouth

Controlled by Facial Nerve

Clinical Test: Purse your lips

25
Q

Muscles of Nose:

Compressor Nares

Dilator Nares

Procerus

A

Compressor Nares: Lateral to bridge of nose, compresses nasal cartilage

Dilator Nares: Lateral to nostriles, dilates

Procerus: Wrinkles skin of nose

26
Q

Muscles of Upper Lip:

Levator Labii Superioris

Zygomaticus Major and Minor

A

Levator Labii Superioris - Lifts upper lip

Zyg. Major / Minor - Raise and pull upper lip laterally

27
Q

Muscles at Angle of Mouth:

Levator Anguli Oris

Risorius

Depressor Anguili Oris

A

Levator Anguli Oris - Raise corner of mouth

Risorius - Smiling

Depressor Anguli Oris - Frown (tragedy)

28
Q

Muscles of Lower Lip and Chin:

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Mentalis

A

Depressor labii Inferioris: Depresses lower lip

Mentalis: Wrinkles skin of chin

29
Q

Buccinator

Clinical issues?

A

Compresses mouth, keeps food between teeth when chewing

- - -

Facial Paralysis can lead to paralysis of buccinator; patient complains of not being able to hold food in mouth while chewing

30
Q

Frontalis

Clinical?

A

Muscle in scalp attached to Epicranial Aponeurosis; raises eyebrows

Clinical Test for Facial Nerve

31
Q

Platysma

A

Extends from mandible to fascia over Pextoralis Major

Tenses, moves skin of neck

32
Q

Clinical Tests for Facial Nerve Function?

A

Eyebrow Raise - Frontalis

Smile - Risorius

Purse Lips - Orbicularis Oris

Show Teeth - Levator Labii Superioris, Zygo. Maj/Min

33
Q

5 Terminal Branches of Facial Nerve (CN 7)

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical
34
Q

Development of Face

A
  1. Nasal Placodes (Thickenings) form on side of FrontoNasal Process
  2. Medial and Lateral Nasal Processes form at margins of nasal placodes
  3. Medial Nasal Process and Maxillary Process fuse to form upper lip (Philtrum)
35
Q

Cleft Lip (Cheiloschisis)

A

Failure of fusion of Medial Nasal Process and Maxillar Process

1/1000 births, can be unilateral or bilateral at philtrum of lip

36
Q

Development of Nasolacrimal Duct

Clinical?

A

Develops as solid cord from medial angle of eye to nasal cavity, becomes canalized

- - -

Obstructed Nasolacrimal Duct - Failure of duct to canalize; opened surgically for tears to drain to nasal cavity

37
Q
A

SF2 - Test 1 (20 decks)

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