1 - Zill - Larynx

Question 1

Larynx

Main Functions?

Answer 1

1. Sound Production
2. Closes respiratory system - allows increas in abdominal pressure

Question 2

Cricoid

Answer 2

Complete ring of artilage with narrow Arch ant. and broad Lamina posterior

Question 3

What motion does the Arytenoid permit?

Answer 3

Swivel = Rotate

Sliding = Ab/Aduct

Question 4

Synovial Joints of Larynx:

Structures - Movement - Action

Answer 4

Thyroid and Cricoid - Tilting - Change Pitch of Sound

Arytenoid and Cricoid - Sliding / Rotations - Open of Close Larynx

Question 5

Epiglottis

Answer 5

Leaf shaped cartilage posterior to root of tongue

Question 6

Ligaments of Larynx: Structural

Throhyoid Membrane

Cricothyroid Membrane

Cricotracheal Ligament

Quadrangular Membrane

Thyroepiglottic Ligament

Links?

Answer 6

Throhyoid Membrane

Links: Larynx to Hyoid

Cricothyroid Membrane
Links: Thyroid to Cricoid

Circotracheal Ligament

Links: Cricoid to First Tracheal Cartilage

Quadrangular membrane

Links: Arytenoid to Epiglottis

Thyroepiglottic Ligament

Links: Epiglottis to Thyroid Cartilage

Question 7

Ligaments of Larynx: Functional

Vocal Ligaments

Relative Lengths M/F?

Answer 7

Upper free edge of conus

Sound Production

Longer in males, deeper voice and Adam’s Apple

Question 8

Ligaments of Larynx: Functional

Conus Elasticus

Attachment?

Functions?

Answer 8

Vibrating lips that arise from entire upper edge of arch of cricoid

Attach: Ant. to Throid, Post. to Arytenoid

Functions:

1. Sound Production (vibrate lips like trumpet player)
2. Close Rima Glottidis - stops outflow of air, increase abdominal cavity pressure

Question 9

Vestibular Folds

Answer 9

False vocal cords

Question 10

Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx:

Role?

Answer 10

1. Change pitch by changing tension in vocal ligament, increase tension raises pitch (and vise versa)
2. Open and Close RIma Glottidis

Question 11

Cricothyroid

Action?

Innervation?

Answer 11

Action: Tenses vocal ligament increasing pitch

Nerve: External Laryngeal (X)

Question 12

Thyroarytenoid Muscles

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 12

Action: Adjacent to vocal ligament, relaxes vocal ligaments to decrease pitch

Nerve: Recurrent Laryngeal (X)

Question 13

Open and Closing of Rima Glottidis:

Open movement?

Close movements?

Answer 13

Open: Rotate Laterally (Posterior Cricoarytenoid)

Close: Rotate Medially (Lateral Cricoarytenoid), Slide (Arytenoideus)

Question 14

Arytenoid

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 14

Action: Transverse and Oblique

Adduct vocal folds

CLOSE RIMA GLOTTIDIS

Nerve: Recurrent Laryngeal (X)

Question 15

Lateral Crico Arytenoid

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 15

Action: Adduct vocal folds

CLOSE RIMA GLOTTIDIS

Nerve: Recurrent Laryngeal (X)

Question 16

Posterior Crico Arytenoid

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 16

Action: Abducts Vocal Fold

OPENS RIMA GLOTTIDIS

Nerve: Recurret Laryngeal (X)

Question 17

Aryepiglottic Muscle

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 17

Action: Pulls down epiglottis down during swalling, covers inlet to larynx

Not necessary in adult human

Nerve: Recurrent Laryngeal (X)

Question 18

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Type?

Branches?

Answer 18

Branchiomotor

Branches:

1. Internal Laryngeal N. - Visceral Sensory to Larynx Above true vocal folds
2. External Laryngeal N. - Branchiomotor to Cricothyroid

Question 19

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Type?

Targets?

Answer 19

Branchiomotor

Visceral Sensory to Larynx below True Vocal Folds

Targets: All muscles of Larynx besides Circothyroid

Question 20

Arterial Supply to Larynx

Answer 20

Superior Laryngeal Artery from Superior Thyroid Artery from External Carotid

Inferior Laryngeal Artery from Inferior Thyroid Artery

Clamp this during surgery

Question 21

Clinical: Choking during allergic reactions?

Answer 21

Mucos is tightly attached to vocal folds, in Anaphylactic Shock, swelling of Vestibular folds can constrict airway and lead to suffocation

Question 22

Clinical: Tracheotomy

Risk?

Answer 22

Open airway to lungs below obstructed larynx, cut between 1/2 or 2/3 Tracheal Arches

- - -

Risk: Can accidently cut Inferior Thyroid Vein(s)

Question 23

Clinical: Cricothyrotomy

Answer 23

Procedure during anaphylactic shock, insert tube to Cricothyroid membrane (less bleeding)