1 - Zil - Meninges + Venous Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

Hematoma

A

Abnormal mass of blood outside blood vessel

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2
Q

Arterial Supply to Head

A

Common Carotid Arteries

Verterbral Artery

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3
Q

Carotid Pulse

A

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Vertebral Level C4

Lateral to Throid Cartilage

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4
Q

Venous Drainage From Head

A

Right/Left Internal Jugular Vein

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5
Q

Carotid Siphon

A

C-shaped turn of Internal Carotid Artery

Passes through cavernous sinus

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6
Q

Entrance of major arteries of skull?

A

Internal Carotid - enters skull via Carotid Canal and Foramen Lacerum

Vertebral Artery - enters skull via Foramen Magnum

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7
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough connective tissue layer, composed of two layers

  1. Inner Membrane Layer (true dura)
  2. Outer Endosteal Layer - periosteum on inner side of calvarium
    - - -

Layers fused in most places, separate to form Dural Reflections

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8
Q

Extra Space in skull?

A

Normally none, as dura is fused to bone

Unline spinal cord, there is NO epidural space

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9
Q

Dural Reflection

A

Two folded layers of Inner Membrane (true dura)

Contain venous sinuses

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10
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Sickle shaped dural reflection between cerebral hemispheres

Attached:

Ant. to Crista Galli of Ethmoid

Post. Blends into Tentorium Cerebelli

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11
Q

Falx Cerebelli

A

Smaller barrier between cerebellar hemispheres along posterior wall of Post. Cranial Fossa

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12
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

Forms roof of Posterior Cranial Fossa

Like a Tent

Has notch for pass of brainstem

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13
Q

Diaphragma Sella

A

Fold over sella turcica

Opening for stalk of pituitary

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14
Q

Tentorial Notch

A

Opening for brainstem

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15
Q

Arachnoid layer

A

Attached to inner side of dura (potential space = Subdural Space)

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16
Q

Pia Mater

A

Adheres to brain

17
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

contains CSF

18
Q

Bridging Veins

Named veins?

A

Inside cranial cavity

Drain blood from surface of brain

- - -

Great Cerebral Vein of Galen

19
Q

Emissary Veins

Named Veins?

A

Drain blood from scalp, to venous sinuses

- - -

Named Veins: Opthalmic Veins from eye (orbit)

20
Q

Superior Sagittal Sinus

A

In Upper Border of Falx Cerebri

Communicates laterally with venous lacunae, blood from Superior Cerebral veins through bridging veins, some also from emissary veins

21
Q

Emissary Veins vs Bridging Veins

A

Emissary Vein - Scalp to Sinus, Scalp to Diploe, Diploe to Sinus

Bridging Vein - Cerebral Vein (brain) to Sinus

22
Q

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

A

In lower (free) border of falx cerebri, joins Great Cerebral Vein to form Straight Sinus

***Does NOT join Superior Sagittal Sinus

23
Q

Straight Sinus

A

Junction of Falx Cerebri and Tentorium

24
Q

Transverse Sinuses

A

In Lateral Fixed Part of Tentorium

Receive blood from Superior Sagittal or Confluens

25
Q

Sigmoid Sinuses

A

S-shaped continuation of Tranverse, end in Jugular Foramen; Form Internal Jugular Vein

26
Q

Occipital Sinus

A

In Falx Cerebelli, drain to Confluens

27
Q

Cavernous Sinuses

A

In middle of Cranial Fossa, on side of the body of the sphenoid bone

Connected by Intercavernous Sinus

Receive blood from Sup. and Inf Ophthalmic Veins, Cerebral Veins

Drain to Sup. and Inf. Petrosal Sinuses

28
Q

Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses

A

On Petrous part of Temporal Bone

Superior - Drains to Tranverse

Inferior - Drains to internal Jugular

29
Q

Clinical: Spread of Infection on Face?

A

Infection can spread from Face to Cavernous Sinus via anastomoses of Ophthalmic Veins and Facial Veins

30
Q

Structures Passing Through Wall of Cavernous Sinus

Clinical Sign of Infection?

A

Int. Carotid Artery

Cranial Nerves: 3, 4, 5.1, 5.2, 6

Clinical Sign of Infection: Blurred Vision (Diplopia)

31
Q

Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Made inside brain in Choroid Plexus

Flows out of brain to Subarachnoid Space

Brain floats - Shock absorber

32
Q

CSF Reabsorption?

Clinical

A

CSF Reabsorbed into Venous Sinuses at Arachnoid Villi

- - -

Clinical: In elderly Arachnoid Villi can become calcified - Arachnoid Granulations; reduced re-absorption can produce Communicating Hydrocephalus (increased CSF pressure)

33
Q

Communicating Hydrocephalus

A

In elderly when Arachnoid Villi can become calcifies leading to Arachnoid Granlations

Increased CSF pressure due to REDUCED reabsorption of CSF

34
Q

Epidural Hematoma

Clinical?

A

Bleeding between dura and bone

  1. Skull fracture near Pterion
  2. Tear Middle Meningeal Artery
  3. Blood peels dura from bone
  4. Lens Shaped (biconvex) mass on CT

- - -

Clinical: Patient LUCID at first, rapid decline, fatal within hours if Uncal Herniation occurs

35
Q

Uncal Herniation

Tonsillar Herniation

A

Uncal - Push Temporal Lobe (uncus) through Tentorial Notch

Tonsillar Herniation - Push Cerebellum (tonsil) through Foramen Magnum

36
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A
  1. Venous
  2. Crescent Shaped Mass
  3. Slow

- - -

Bleed into potential space between Dura and Arachnoid

From tear Bridging Vein or Sinus

Bleeding often SLOW

Chronic hematomas can remain undetected, herniation may result

37
Q

Subarachnoid Hematoma

A

Tearing cerebral artery or aneurysm, or cerebral vein

IF arterial, can be rapid and fatal

38
Q

Berry Aneurysm

A

Aneurysm in Circle of Willis, 50% fatal if burst

39
Q
A