(2) Final Exam - Don't Knows Flashcards
viral arthritis is associated with which 4 conditions
1.) rubella
2.) EBV
3.) HVC + HVB
4.) HIV
Think of popular viruses
what is the most common cause of focal nodular hyperplasia
alterations in hepatic parenchymal blood supply
ex. arteriovenous malformations
Think the focus is on the blood supply
pseudogout crystals are made of what
calcium pyrophosphate
Think “pseudo” and “pyro” both start with a P
what is seen grossly in the brain of someone with ethanol poisoning (chronic alcoholism)
1.) cerebral dysfunction
2.) atrophy and loss of granule cells in vermis
Think people view drunks as vermin as they dysfunction and waste away
which two types of anterior pituitary cells are acidophilic
somatotrophs and lactotrophs
Think sumo wrestlers drink lactic acid
which two viruses can cause acute pancreatitis
mumps and coxsackievirus
Think we use a cute pancreas as a hackie sack to get out of the dumps
what is the microscopic feature of an ependymoma
perivascular pseudorosettes
Think wendy’s mom likes fake roses
reactive arthritis can be associated with which three conditions
1.) HIV
2.) chlamydia
3.) GI tract infections
Think girls with tummy and boy problems can be reactive
a hepatoblastoma is associated with which two conditions
FAP and Beckwith-wiedmann syndrome
Think beck was familiar with hepatoblastomas
what are two examples of protozoal diseases that can affect the nervous system
1.) malaria
2.) toxoplasmosis
Think of the “proto” type for “tox”ic malaria vaccines
what are the two conditions associated with pancreatic cysts
polycystic kidney disease and von-Hippel lindau syndrome
Think hippos get pancreatic cysts
what are the four histologic classifications of chondrosarcomas
1.) hyaline producing (conventional)
2.) clear cell
3.) differentiated
4.) mesenchymal
what is the most common form of osteochondroma (exostosis)
solitary
Think osteochondromas are solid
what is subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (De Quervian)
enlarged thyroid that mostly affects women with a history of upper respiratory infections
microscopy shows granulomas
Think granulomas make thyroid big
what is seen histologically in fibrous dysplasia
lack of osteoblastic rimming
Think rimmed osteoblasts have been diplaced in fibrous tissue
what is the gross appearance of an oligodendroglioma
gelatinous with cysts, focal hemorrhage, and calcification
Think oligo is like jello
chronic endometritis is associated with which four conditions
chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
retained gestational tissue
IUDs
tuberculosis
Think about what endometritis really is
what is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
mycosis fungoides
Think my cutaneous is most common
what is seen histologically in a non-ossifying fibroma
storiform pattern due to benign spindle cells
Think starry night as it tries but fails to ossify
what are the four main histologic features of rheumatoid arthritis
1.) synovial cell hyperplasia
2.) angiogenesis
3.) exudate
4.) osteoclastic activity
in which condition would you see feathery degeneration
advanced cholestasis
Think chloe was a bird and wanted to fly away
which variant of renal cell carcinoma has the worst prognosis
medullary
Think the kidney has a medulla
which two gene mutations can lead to papillary urothelial neoplasms
RAS and FGFR3
Think ridiculous ass sissies whining about papillary urothelilal
in which condition would you see perinuclear halos and nuclear pleomorphism
chromophobe carcinoma
Think halos of chrome
what are the two types of parathyroid cells
chief and oxyphil cells
Think chilef paragliders need oxyphil to clean their clothes
what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults in the US
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Think focus on what causes nephrotic syndrome in adults
which three locations have the least amount of collateral flow within the brain
1.) thalamus
2.) basal ganglia
3.) deep white matter
Think eating more thyme and basil will help with collateral flow
which two infections are known to cause corneal ulceration
HSV and zoster
Think roosters with herpes have corneal ulcerations
what are the four subtypes of a rhabdomyosarcoma
1.) alveolar
2.) embryonal
3.) pleomorphic
4.) spindle cell/sclerosing
Think rhabdo is common in children who are spun around and can’t breathe
dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with which condition
celiac disease
Think you can’t eat gluten if you have herpes
cataracts are associated with which four conditions
1.) diabetes mellitus
2.) Wilson disease
3.) radiation
4.) trauma
Think Wilson loved own who had diabetes and radiation trauma
what is the hallmark of the lobular variant of invasive (infiltrating) breast carcinoma
dyscohesive infiltration tumor cells with no tubular formation
Think tubes were lopped off
which condition of the liver often shows a central scar
focal nodular hyperplasia
Think the focus is all on the central scar
what is Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
increased bone mass due to new bone that is abnormally shaped, weak, and brittle
leads to a thickened cortex
Think we need more thick people in Pagents
which stain is used to differentiate for an adrenocorticotrophic hormone producing pituitary adenoma (chromophobe)
PAS
Think PASS on a chromophobe
pancreatoblastomas are associated with which condition
beckwith-weidmann syndrome
Think beck’s pancreas was going to blast away from all the taco bell
what would be seen on a touch prep for a leydig cell tumor
crystalloids of Reinke
Think Carrie will only ley with Reinke who has crystals
what are the three most common locations for a cavernous malformation
1.) cerebellum
2.) pons
3.) subcortical region
Think there is a cave in the pond where you need to ring the bell
what are pigment stones made out of
bilirubin calcium salts
Think rubins with calcium and salt are made from pigs
what are the two main things seen in the glomerulus of someone with diabetic nephropathy
basement membrane thickening
kimmelstiel wilson nodules
Think Jimmy Kimmel is a diabetic who hides in his thick basement
psoriatic arthritis mostly affects which three things
sacroiliac joint, hands, and feet
Think my hands, feet, and sacro joints are psore from carrying ass
Homer-Wright rosettes are commonly seen in which condition
primitive neuroectodermal tumors
Think Homer simpson was firstly neurotic
what is the second most common primary liver tumor
cholangiocarcinoma
Think 2nd most un-wanted job coal mining
what are the two main types of complex soft tissue tumors
leiomyosarcomas
undifferentiated sarcomas
Think leiomyosarcoma is complex
what are the two hallmarks of gliosis
Rosenthal fibers and corpora amylacea
Think roses make people gleeful
what is seen histologically 10 days after an acute cerebral infarct
foamy macrophages and reactive gliosis with neovascularization
Think after 10 days, my cup get’s foamy with mold
what is the least common type of breast cancer in terms of hormone receptors
HER2+
Think it’s rare to have a her that’s positive
what are the two main things seen histologically in aseptic meningitis
1.) perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes
2.) microglial nodules
Think you need cuffs to go into a septic tank
which two organisms most commonly cause acute pyogenic meningitis in older adults
1.) strep. pneumo
2.) listeria
Think older adults are hysteric
what two things do atypical pituitary adenomas have
TP53 mutation and brisk mitotic activity
Think it’s atypical for 53 year olds to walk briskly
complex sclerosing lesions have components of what
sclerosing adenosis
papillomas
epithelial hyperplasia
what is the most common type of embryonal neoplasm of the brain
medulloblastoma within the cerebellum
which viral protein interferes with the tumor suppressor protein RB and can contribute to cervical cancer
E7
Think i wanted 7-11 RB (really bad)
what is the most common location for capillary telangiectasis
pons
Think your thinking cap
which two conditions are associated with enchondromas
Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome
which four conditions are associated with fungal infections of the female genital tract
diabetes mellitus
antibiotics
pregnancy
being immunocompromised
what is hyalinosis
deposition of eosinophilic protein material
what is the histologic hallmark of Parkinson disease
alpha-synuclein that forms Lewy bodies and Lewy inclusions
Think we park in lewyville tonight
which gene mutation is most common in serous (type 2) endometrial carcinoma
TP53
what it the most common intraocular malignancy of adults
metastasis (typically choroid) to the uvea (uveal melanoma)
which gene mutation is most responsible for osteosarcomas
TP53
which three organisms most commonly cause chronic bacterial meningoencephalitis
1.) TB
2.) syphilis (treponema)
3.) borrelia (Lyme disease)
what is the histologic hallmark of mycosis fungoides
epidermotropism
which area of the brain is at most risk for watershed infarct
area between anterior and middle cerebral artery
Q
what are the 3 key microscopic features of an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma
1.) squamous cells with peripheral palisading
2.) stellate reticulum
3.) wet keratin
how do ER-, HER2- cancers develop
because of BRCA1 mutations
acquired cystic disease increases your risk of which disease at a 100-fold increase
RCC
what can be seen histologically in oligodendrocyte injury
nuclear viral inclusions or cytoplasmic inclusions
how do HER2+ cancers develop
due to TP53 mutations
which stain is used to diagnose multiple sclerosis
Luxol fast blue periodic acid-Schiff stain
Think blue sclera
the most common metastatic tumors of the breast are from which two locations
skin (melanoma)
ovarian cancer
what is the macroscopic presentation of chronic pancreatitis
parenchymal fibrosis with proteinaceous plugs
what is the most common type of mastocytosis
cutaneous
renal cell carcinoma is associated with which condition
von-Hippel Lindau
what is the most common benign bone tumor
osteochondroma
what is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis
impaction of stones within the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis)
what is multiple hereditary exostosis syndrome
multiple osteochondromas that occur closer to the growth plate
what is seen histologically in primary CNS lymphoma
malignant cells around vessels and necrosis
which two conditions can increase your risk of a bone neoplasm
chronic osteomyelitis
Paget disease
