2) European Exploration, Immigration, and Settlement of N. America Flashcards
1
Q
Spanish Territory
A
- Influence extended across Florida, Gulf Coast of Texas, California, tip of South America
2
Q
French Territory
A
- New Orleans north to Northern Canada
- Included entire Mississippi Valley, Great Lakes, land that was part of Louisiana Territory
3
Q
English Territory
A
- Eastern seaboard of N. America (Maine to Georgia)
4
Q
Importance of Age of Exploration
A
- Discovery and colonization of New World
- New hemisphere as a refuge from poverty, persecution, place to start a better life
- Development of better maps and charts
- New more accurate navigational instruments
- Increased knowledge, great wealth, new foods
- Proof that Asia could not be reached by sea
- Proof that the earth was round
5
Q
Northwest Passage
A
- British were searching for an open water route across North America from Atlantic to the Pacific to the wealth of Asia
6
Q
Lewis and Clark Expedition
A
Captains Meriwether Lews and William and Clark proved conclusively that there was no Northwest Passage
7
Q
Spanish, English, French Competition for New World
A
All three nations had strong monarchal governments.
All were struggling for dominance and power in Europe.
8
Q
New France
A
- Land west of Appalachian Mountains
- Established permanent settlements of Montreal and New Orleans
- Waterways made it possible for French explorers and traders to roam at will
- Explored, trapped, traded easily
9
Q
French fur traders
A
- Operated in the non-settled areas in the interior of New France
- Made friends with friendly tribes of Indians
- Spent winters with Indians getting furs for trade
- Returned to Montreal in spring to trade when cargo ships from France arrived
10
Q
Spanish Settlements
A
- Had its beginnings in the Caribbean
- Established colonies at Santo Domingo (Capital of West Indies)
- Puerto Rico, Cuba
- First Spanish settlement in America - St. Augustine (1565)
- Peak of power: Florida, all land West of Mississippi
11
Q
Reasons why Spanish wanted to get involved in Americas
A
- Spirit of adventure
- Desire for land
- Expansion of Spanish power, influence, and empire
- Desire for great wealth
- Expansion of Roman Catholic influence and conversion of native peoples
12
Q
Spanish Monarchial Rule in Colonies
A
- King of Spain was absolute monarch
- Ruled with complete power and claimed rule by divine right
- Appointed personal representatives (viceroys) to rule for him in colonies
13
Q
Slavery in colonies
A
- Indians were first used as slaves in mines and on plantations
- Rapidly died out due to lack of immunity from European diseases
- So they brought in African slaves
- Especially to the islands of the West Indies
14
Q
New England Colonies
A
- MA, RI, CT, NH
- Centered around towns
- Farming was done by each family on its own plot of land
- Manufacturing, fishing, shipbuilding, trade
- Most came from England and Scotland
- Towns were carefully planned out
- Town meeting: all adult males met to make up the laws
- General Court: legislative body (consisted of upper and lower house)
15
Q
Middle Atlantic Colonies
A
- NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD
- NY and NJ: Former Dutch colonies
- “Melting pots” of settlers from different nations/backgrounds
- Farming was the main economic activity
- Very fertile soil
- Indian threat was less
- Unicameral house
16
Q
Southern Colonies
A
- VA, NC, SC, GA
- Farming major economic activity
- Fertile soil, mild climate
- Plantations required slaves
- Rice, tobacco, indigo, cotton
- Charleston and Savannah important seaports and trading centers
17
Q
1619 in VA
A
- 60 women were sent to VA to marry and establish families
- 20 Africans arrived as slaves
- VA colonies granted right to self-government
18
Q
House of Burgesses
A
VA Legislative Body (1619)
