19) Causes and Consequences of Industrialization Flashcards
1
Q
Major developments of Industrialization (overview)
A
- Machines replaced hand labor
- Extensive nationwide railroad service made possible the wider distribution of goods
- New products were invented and made available in large quantities
- Large amounts of money from
2
Q
New Inventions (1877 to 1920)
A
- Typewriter
- Telephone
- Barbed wire
- Electric light
- Phonograph
- Automobile
3
Q
Rise of oil industry
A
- Provided new source of fuel
- Settlers used oil as an illuminant for medicine, grease for wagons and tools
- Eastern cities linked to the oil fields by rail and boat boomed
- ## 1901 (oil in Texas)
4
Q
Rise of iron and steel industry
A
- Spawned new construction materials
- Profited and increased from the use of steel in such things as skyscrapers, automobiles, bridges, railroad tracks, and machines
- Coal and iron ore in abundance were needed for the steel industry
5
Q
Rise of electric industry
A
- By 1880s, electrical energy was being generated on a large scale
6
Q
Assembly Line
A
- enabled factory owners to employ unskilled labors
- led to a general decline in the conditions of the workers
7
Q
Land Grants for Railways
A
- After the Civil War, land grants by the federal government were used to finance the building of railways in the Western US
8
Q
Cornelius Vanderbilt
A
- ## President of the NY Central Railroad during the 1860s and 1870s
9
Q
How did railroads affect consumerism during the late 1800s?
A
- Both food and durable goods were shipped throughout the country via railway
- ## Development of the refrigerated railroad car meant that food/meat could be shipped long distances
10
Q
Positive effects of Growth of Railroads
A
- Resulted in rise of mass consumption
- Mass consumption spurred economic growth
- Farmers and ranchers moved their products into urban areas
- Coal and steel experienced exponential growth
11
Q
Andrew Carnegie
A
- Owner of the Carnegie Steel company
- ## By 1880s, company supplied half of all steel used worldwide
12
Q
Standard Oil Company
A
- Under the control of John D. Rockefeller
- Largest oil producer in the US in the late 1800s
- Owned 95% of the market
- Grew SO through the use of horizontal integration –> got control of other companies, forced competitors out of the business, and drove up the price
13
Q
Thomas Edison
A
- Inventor of the late 1800s
- Invented the light bulb, phonograph, movie camera
14
Q
Industrialization: Upper Class
A
- The amount of wealth in the hands of the upper class grew
- Many of the wealth were self-made men, having achieved great wealth in manufacturing or mining
15
Q
Industrialization: Middle Class
A
- Middle class grew
- Companies in new industries needed white-collar workers such as clerks, bookkeepers, and salesmen
- Increased in need of lawyers and accountants
