2 - Epigenetics

Question 1

A complex of spherical histone proteins around which the DNA wraps

Answer 1

Chromatin

Question 2

Acetylation, Methylation, or Phosphorylation of Lysine residues of histone tails loosens the chromatin, allowing transcription factors to bind to the DNA and activate translation

Answer 2

Chromatin Remodeling

Question 3

Attachment of methyl groups to a gene reduces its expression (blocks translation)

Answer 3

DNA methylation

Question 4

Control of gene expression by chromosome modifications that do not affect the DNA code (telling a fetal cell what to become)

Answer 4

Epigenetics

Question 5

Reduction of methyl effectively increases expression

Answer 5

Hypomethylation

Question 6

A large family of messenger molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.

Answer 6

mRNA

Question 7

The __ contains pairs of __, one inherited from each parent

Answer 7

Nucleus | Chromosomes

Question 8

Chromosomes are __ __ __; a __ is a section of chromosome that codes for a specific __.

Answer 8

Strands of DNA | Gene | Protein

Question 9

Production of complementary mRNA from coding regions of DNA; takes place in nucleus

Answer 9

Transcription

Question 10

Prolonged stress and chronic drug use can turn production of particular proteins on or off by modifying __ __, nuclear proteins that promote or obstruct the formation of mRNAs

Answer 10

Transcription Factors

Question 11

Nuclear proteins that promote or obstruct the formation of mRNAs

Answer 11

Transcription Factors

Question 12

Building of protein molecules by linking amino acids specified by the mRNA blueprint; takes place on ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Answer 12

Translation

Question 13

Charges open up the chromatin, creating an active state that allows transcription factors to bind to the promoter region of a gene to enhance transcription

Answer 13

Acetylation

Question 14

Pulls the chromatin tighter and prevents the binding of transcription factors, reducing transcription of the gene.

Answer 14

Methylation

Question 15

Epigenetic changes are only biologically inheritable if they occur in __ __ __, which are those that create __

Answer 15

Germ-line cells | Gametes

Question 16

Lifelong __ __ can influence offsprings behavior, metabolism, or disease status

Answer 16

Environmental Exposure

Question 17

May provide a biological explanation as to why monozygotic twins with identical genes do not always develop the same disorders

Answer 17

Epigenetics