2 - Cells and Functioning B

Question 1

Dendrites and soma have __ __ __

Answer 1

1000s of Receptors

Question 2

Some i**on channels are modified by __ __ which cause the addition of a phosphate group, known as __ __ and regulate the state of the channel.

Answer 2

Second Messengers | Intracellular Phosphorylation

Question 3

All cell membranes are polarized, but neurons can undergo rapid change in membrane potential that is propagated down the length of the axon

Answer 3

Action Potential

Question 4

Provide structural support for neurons and help maintain ionic balance in the extracellular environment. They also take up excess neurotransmitters

Answer 4

Astrocytes

Question 5

Rate of this reflects neuron activity; used in techniques that allow visualization of brain function

Answer 5

ATP Synthesis

Question 6

Neurons require large amounts of __ __ __.

___ are abundant where energy needs are greatest.

Answer 6

ATP | Mitochondria

Question 7

Neurons usually have 1 axon, but may branch to form __ __

Answer 7

Axon Collaterals

Question 8

Integration of EPSPs and IPSPs occurs in the __ __

Answer 8

Axon Hillock

Question 9

Axons transmit electrical signals from the __ __ to the __

Answer 9

Axon Hillock | Terminals

Question 10

Proteins made in the soma are transported to the axon terminals

Answer 10

Axoplasmic Transport

Question 11

K+ moves back out of cell when its __ __ in the cell rises.

Answer 11

Concentration Gradient

Question 12

A neuron receives and integrates a vast amount of information from many cells.

Answer 12

Convergence

Question 13

A network of microtubules and neurofilaments that provide shape and structure to the cell

Answer 13

Cytoskeleton

Question 14

Dendrites are covered with __ __ that increase surface area

Answer 14

Dendritic Spines

Question 15

Integrated information can be transmitted to a few or thousands of other neurons

Answer 15

Divergence

Question 16

A kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron more likely to generate an action potential.

Answer 16

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

Question 17

Most ion channels are __, but some __ __ are not so that it can move freely

Answer 17

Gated | K+ Channels

Question 18

Form interacting neural circuits in brain and spinal cord; responsible for conscious sensations, recognition, memory, decision-making, cognition.

Answer 18

Interneurons

Question 19

Salty fluid from which cells take O₂, nutrients, and drugs, and into which they secrete metabolic waste products.

Answer 19

Interstitial / Extracellular Fluid

Question 20

Like other cells, neurons are enclosed by a semipermeable plasma membrane and are filled with salty cytoplasm.

Answer 20

Intracellular Fluid

Question 21

__ __ are specific for one or a few ions.

__ __ are normally closed but open in response to specific stimul

Answer 21

Ion Channels | Gated Channels

Question 22

A kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.

Answer 22

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

Question 23

Open when a ligand binds to a receptor

Answer 23

Ligand-Gated Channels

Question 24

Remove dying cells by phagocytosis at sites of nerve damage and are responsible for immune response

Answer 24

Microglia

Question 25

Form a track along which packets of proteins travel by the action of motor proteins.

Answer 25

Microtubules

Question 26

Responsible for generating energy from glucose in a neuron / cell.

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

Direct a biobehavioral response appropriate for the situation. Although these neurons have common features, their structural arrangements and sizes vary according to their specific functions.

A nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.

Answer 27

Motor Neurons

Question 28

Most axons are wrapped with a fatty insulating coating called the __ __ which is created by layers of __ __

Answer 28

Myelin Sheath | Glial Cells

Question 29

The __ __ increases speed of conduction along the __; the thicker the __, the faster the conduction

Answer 29

Myelin Sheath | Axon | Myelin

Question 30

Synapse betwen a neuron and a muscle cell

Answer 30

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 31

Area of the dendritic membrane facing the synaptic cleft with many neurotransmitter receptors

Answer 31

Postsynaptic Density

Question 32

The ___ (__ __) performs most metabolic functions.

Answer 32

Soma | Cell Body

Question 33

Transmission: Dendrites and soma receive information from other cells across the ___, the point of communication between neurons

Answer 33

Synapse