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Bacte Lab (Prelims) > 2. Bacterial staining > Flashcards

2. Bacterial staining Flashcards

1
Q

To study their properties and to divide microorganisms into specific groups for
diagnostic purposes, biological stains and staining procedures in conjunction with
light microscopy have become major tools in microbiology.

A

Bacterial staining

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2
Q

What are the 2 different types of bacterial stain?

A

Acidic and Basic stain

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3
Q

What is acidic stain?

A
  • anionic
  • Chromogen portion exhibits NEGATIVE charge
  • strong affinity to positive constituents of the cell
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4
Q

What is the positive constituent that is being determine by acidic stain?

A

Proteins

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5
Q

What is basic stains?

A
  • Cationic
  • Chromogen portion that exhibits positive charge
  • Strong affinity to negative constituent
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6
Q

What is the Negative constituent that is being determine by Basic stain?

A

Nucleic acid

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7
Q

What are the examples of Acidic stains

A

Picric acid
Eosin
Acid fuchsin
Rose bengal
Congo red

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8
Q

What are the examples of Basic stains

A

Methylene blue
Giemsa’s stain
Leishman’ stain
Wright’s stain

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9
Q

What is fixation

A

Aims to preserve the shape of the cell

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10
Q

When is heat fix incorporate in the slide?

A

After air drying

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11
Q

A type of stain that is immerse in the sample in a dye solution followed by rinsing and observation

Imparts SAME color from the reagent

Uses only one reagent

A

Simple stain

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12
Q

Example of simple stain?

A

Methylene blue
basic fuchsin

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13
Q

Uses 2 or more stains to categorized various groups of bacteria

A

Differential stain

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14
Q

Example of differential stain

A

Gram stain

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15
Q

A principal stain that s used for microscopic examination of bacteria

Provides rapid presumption identification of pathogens

A

Gram stain

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16
Q

Example of bacteria that does not use gram stains

A

Treponema spp
Mycobacterium spp
Chlamydia spp

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17
Q

What are the 4 reagents in gram staining

A

P - Crystal violet
M - Gram’s iodine
D - 95% ethyl alcohol/acetone
S - Safranin

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18
Q

What are the time frame in gram staining?

A

P - 1min
M - 1min
D - 10 sec (Until alcohol runs almost clear that shows blue tinge)
S - 45 sec

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19
Q

Bacteria that will stain and take the primary stain are gram-positive and appear
purple under the compound microscope

A

Gram positive

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20
Q

Bacteria that will stain and take the counterstain stain are gram-negative and
appear pink under the compound microscope

A

Gram negative

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21
Q

What is the characteristic of the cell in Gram positive?

A

Thick

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22
Q

What is the characteristic of the cell in Gram Negative?

A

Thin

23
Q

What are the 2 chemical subunits in peptidoglycan?

A

N-acetylglucosamine
N-acetylmuramic acid

24
Q

What is the most critical step in gram stain?

A

Decolorizer

25
Q

What is being applied in between steps in gram stain

A

water

26
Q

It can be used to fix bloody specimens instead of heat fixing

A

Methanol

27
Q

What objective lens is used to observe bacterial gram stain

A

Oil immersion objectives

28
Q

What are 3 methods in acid fast stains?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen
Kinyoun method
Auramine Rhodamine

29
Q

What is the major component of acid fast bacteria?

A

mycolic acid

30
Q

A method that use a applicator stick for sputum sample

A

Coiling method

31
Q

What are the reagents for acid fast bacilli

A

P - Carbol fuchsin
D - Acid alcohol (HCL)
S - methylene blue

32
Q

What is the reagent in heatless method of acid fast stain?

A

Tergitol for 5 - 10 mins

33
Q

How many minutes for carbol fuchsin in heat?

A

5 mins

34
Q

How many minutes for counterstain in acid fast fast stain

A

2 mins

35
Q

What are the symptoms of AFB in the last 2 weeks

A

Cough
Unexplained fever
Unexplained weight loss
Night sweats

36
Q

IUATLD/WHO scale of AFB

A

0
+n
1+
2+
3+

37
Q

what is seen in +n

A

BFM: n AFB

200x
- 1-4 AFB in one length

400x
- 1-2 AFB/ length

38
Q

What is seen in 1+?

A

BFM: 10-99 AFB/length

200x: 3-24 AFB/length

400x: 1-6 AFB/length

39
Q

What is seen in 2+?

A

BFM: 1-10 AFB/50 fields

200x: 25-250/fields AFB/length

400x: 7-60 AFB/field

40
Q

What is seen in 3+?

A

BFM: >10 AFB/20 OIF

200x: >250/fields AFB/length

400x: >60 AFB/field

41
Q

A type of microscope that has increase sensitivity and can be five times faster in detecting AFB

A

Fluorescence microscope

42
Q

How many specimen should be submitted in AFB?

A

2

43
Q

What is the positive for AFB?

A

atleast 1 sputum smear

44
Q

What is the Negative for AFB?

A

2 sputum smear

45
Q

What is the specimen for children?

A

Nasopharyngeal aspirate
gastric lavage
aspirate

46
Q

What are the examples of capsular stain?

A

Hiss
Tyeler
Muir
Welch
Novelli

(Hello TYLER, MUkang WELkins NO?)

47
Q

What bacteria has metachromatic granules?

A

C. diphtheriae

48
Q

Example of metachromatic granule stains?

A

Albert
Neisser
Lamb
Linderhen
Ljubinsky

(And NEISSER La Li Ljubinsky)

49
Q

are storage granules form for inorganic phosphate and
energy which have the property of metachromasia,

A

Metachromatic granules

50
Q

What are the examples of flagella stains?

A

Leifson
Gray
Silver technique
Caesars gil
Fischer and conn

(Leifson gay because he uses silver technique on Caesar gil that smells Fish and cum)

51
Q

Allows bacteria to produce a dormant and highly resistant cell to preserve the
cell’s genetic material in extreme stress or starvation

A

Endspore

52
Q

What are the examples of endospore stain

A

Fulton and schaeffer stain
Dolner
Wirtz conklin

53
Q

Examples of Negative stain

A

India ink
Nigrossin stain

54
Q

What bacteria can be detected in india ink?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

Bacte Lab (Prelims) (7 decks)

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