1. Microscopy Flashcards
A field of science that is use to detect microorganisms from a microscope.
Microscopy
What do you called a rod shaped bacteria with purple coloration?
Gram positive bacilli
What do you call a round shaped bacteria with red/pinkish coloration
Gram-negative cocci
What objective lens is used to observe bacteria in a compound microscope
Oil-immersion objective lens
This is the extent to which detail in the magnified object is maintained
Resolution
It is the closest distance between two object that when magnified
Resolving power
It is the degree of enlargement
Magnification
This makes objects stand out from the background
Contrast
It is use to highlight a microorganisms that helps in differentiating from the others.
This also reduce the transparency of microorganisms under a micrscope
Staining technique
Alternative option to increase the contrast and resolution if staining technique is not an option
Reduce the microscope aperture diaphragm
A microscope that produces a DARK IMAGE against a LIGHTER BACKGROUND
Bright-field Microscope
A type of bright-field microscope that has only one lens which employs a concave mirror
Simple microscope
A type of bright-field microscope that employs 2 lenses, one plane mirror at one side and a concave mirror on the other.
This uses a series of lenses
Compound microscope
Part of a compound microscope that has fixed platform that provides a placement of a slide
Stage
A type of stage that can be move vertically and horizontally
Mechanical stage
A type of stage that is usually used in less sophisticated microscopes with no stage controls
Fixed stage
What is the purpose of the opening on the center of the stage?
allows passage of light
A shutter, controlled by a lever that is used to regulate the amount of light entering the lens system
Determines how much light will enter on the microscope
Iris Diaphragm
It is located below the stage and contains 2 sets of lenses that collect and concentrate light as it passes upward
Abbe Condenser
It houses the les system that magnifies the specimen
Body Tube
Where is Ocular lens located?
Eyepiece
It adjust the ocular lens
Diopter adjustment
Where is objective lens situated?
Revolving nose piece
What is the magnification of scanner
4X
What is the magnification of low power objective lens
10X
What is the magnification of high powered lenses
40X
What is the magnification of oil immersion objective lens?
100X
What is the magnification of ocular lens
10X
The resolving power lens is dependent on the wavelength of light
True
What is the purpose of LPO?
To locate specimen and usually use to observe parasite and fungi
Is the function f the diameter of the objective lens in relation to its focal length
Numerical Aperture
Wavelength
RP = ——————–
2 x numerical aperture
The shorter the wavelength, the greater the resolving power, true or false?
True
What reagent is use to clean the lenses?
Xylol
Why xylol cannot be use often?
It may loosen the lens
When will you put oil immersion on the slide?
Once you focused the low-powered lens
Should you rotate the objective lens slowely?
Yes, to fully immerse the OIO on the oil
What to wipe the lens on the microscope?
Lens paper
The use of xylol is to remove oil from the stage only?
True
A type of microscope that does not uses any dye or stain in viewing the microorganisms
Phase-contrast microscope
What specimen should you use in phase contrast microscope?
Wet mount (Urine and Vaginal sample)
In phase contrast microscope, an increase refractive index decreases the light intensity.
True
What dye is used in fluorescent microscope?
Fluorophores / Fluorochromes
Process by which the dyes raise energy to a higher level when absorbing ultraviolet light
Excitation
A process by which a dye molecules return to their normal state, lower energy state, they will release excess energy in a form of ?
Visible light
This process called Fluorescence
What are the disadvantage of fluorescent microscope?
Photobleaching and Quenching
It is a chemical damage to the fluorochrome that results into loss of fluorescence
Photobleaching
It is a result of transfer of light energy to nearby molecules in a sample such as free radicals, salts of heavy metals or halogens
Quenching
A type of dyes that used to confirm the presence of bacteria in a blood culture when gram staining is difficult to interpret
Acridine orange
A fluorescent dye that can be use to determine mycolic acid
Auramine-Rhodamine
Use to detect chitin in a fungi
Calcofluor white
A type of microscope that light directly to the specimen and the background is dark
Dark-Field microscope
How does specimen is being hit on dark field microscope?
Oblique angle
A type of microscope Uses electrons to visualize small objects
Electron microscope
A type of Electron microscope that visualize internal structure of an object by passing the electron beam through it
Transmission electron microscope
A type of electron microscope that provides 3D surface view of an object
Scanning electron microscope
What is the magnification of Electron microscope
100,000,000x
If the oil immersion lens is gummy or tacky, what should you use to clean it?
Lens paper with xylol
How to remove xylol from the lens
95% alcohol
Most microscopes are ______, which means that when one lens is in focus, other lenses
will also have the same focal length and can be rotated into position without further major
adjustment
parfocal
It defined as erratic random movement of the microscopic particles in a fluid or in the wet mont
Brownian movement
What method or medium is best observe for motility?
Hanging drop preparation and wet mount
A type of movement that has a distinct movement of a bacteria and not random
True motility
