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comd 3100 > 2:3 Respiratory Passageway AND Lungs > Flashcards

2:3 Respiratory Passageway AND Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Passageway provides…(2)

A
  1. Provides communication between the lungs and external environment
  2. Provides a filtering function to help keep the lungs safe from pollutants
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2
Q

Cilia…

A

hair-like projections that line the trachea and bronchi and help prevent foreign particles from entering the lung.

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3
Q

Nostril hairs are the….

A

first line of defense against foreign particles.

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4
Q

What helps to trap pollutants from entering the trachea?

A

the goblet cells in the mucosal lining of the submucosa gland secrete this lubricant that lines the respiratory tract

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5
Q

When foreign particles make it to the trachea….

A

the cilia will move and they move the particles to the level of the vocal folds…causing them to clear their throat.

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6
Q

What is the final cleaning stage?

A

Lymphatic system. The pollutants are suspended within the mucus. Lymph nodes, adenoids, and tonsils will help be that final stage in clearing out those foreign particles.

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7
Q

Passageway also protects the lungs by…

A

warming and humidifying the air as it enters.

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8
Q

Passageway includes (4):

A
  1. Oral and nasal cavities
  2. Larynx
  3. Trachea
  4. Bronchial tubes (bronchi)
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9
Q

Trachea is located…

A

right below the bottom part of the larynx.

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10
Q

Trachea is composed of…

A

16-20 hyaline cartilage rings open in the posterior aspect, made for airflow.

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11
Q

Trachea is approximately how long and where does it run from and to?

A

Approximately 11 cm in length and runs from inferior border of larynx and bifurcates (divides) to become the right and left mainstem bronchi.

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12
Q

Carina Trachea is…

A

point of bifurcation (division) where trachea becomes the left and right mainstem bronchi (or bronchial tubes).

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13
Q

Brochial Tree begins at…

and gets…

A

Begins at the level of the carina trachea.

Gets increasingly smaller as it progresses into the lung.

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14
Q

Bronchia tree includes (4):

A
  1. Mainstem Bronchi
  2. Lobar (secondary) Bronchi
  3. Tertiary Bronchi
  4. Terminal respiratory bronchioles
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15
Q

Mainstem Bronchi serves…

Right side compared to left side?

A
  • Serves the left and right lungs.
  • Right bronchus is larger in diameter and straighter than the left because it supplies the larger lung.
  • Left bronchus is about twice as long.
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16
Q

Lobar (secondary/intermediate) Bronchi supplies…

Right compared to left?

A
  • Supplies the lobes of the lungs.
  • Right lung has 3 because it has 3 lobes.
  • Left lung has 2 because it has 2 lobes.
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17
Q

Tertiary (Respiratory) Bronchi:

A

Smaller passageways extending into the bronchioles

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18
Q

Terminal Respiratory Bronchioles:

A

Final division of the bronchi

1 mm or less in diameter

19
Q

Bronchioles:

A

Termination of the bronchial tree proper.

End becomes alveolar duct which communicates with the alveolus

20
Q

Alveolar Ducts:

A
  • End of terminal bronchioles.

- Communicates with the alveolus (air sacs)

21
Q

Alveoli:

A

air sacs that allows for gas exchange (oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide).

22
Q

How many divisions of the respiratory tree are there in the alveoli?

A

28 divisio of the respiratory tree providing an amazing amount of surface area.

23
Q

In the alveoli, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in a network of…

A

capillary beds making up about 1,000 miles or 70 to 90 square meters (size of tennis court).

24
Q

How many air sacs or alveoli are there?

A

Approximately 300 million air sacs in our lungs

25
Q

2 conditions that occur int he bronchial tree?

A

Asthma and Emphysema

26
Q

Asthma is…

causing…

A

swelling that occurs in the bronchioles causing a decrease in diameter of the bronchial branches.

-causing an increased resistance to airflow.

27
Q

Emphysema is…

causing…

common cause…

A

a breakdown of the lung in which the alveoli (small air sacs) that promote oxygen exchange between the air and the blood stream are destroyed.

  • Causing decreased vital capacity (ability to expel air from our lungs)
  • Common cause is smoking
28
Q

How many lobes does the lung have?

A
  • Right Lung: 3 lobes
  • Left Lung: 2 lobes (to allow room for the heart)

-Total: 5 lobes

29
Q

Are lungs identical in shape?

A

No

30
Q

Right lung is…

A

larger in diameter than the left. It is also somewhat broader and shorter.

31
Q

Left lung is longer than the right because….

A

because the left allows for the mediastinum, or heart cavity (space for the heart ).

32
Q

Both lungs have what type of fissure?

A

Oblique fissure which travels in a superolateral direction.

33
Q

Which lung also has a transverse fissure?

A

Right lung (above the oblique fissure)

34
Q

Lungs are composed of…

A

tissue having a light, porous, and spongy texture.

35
Q

Lungs are highly…

A

elastic

36
Q

Lungs are dependent on…

A

musculature AND air pressure to “pump” air in and out of the lungs.

37
Q

The color of lungs at birth and later in life…

A

White or pinkish-white at birth, but eventually turn a grayish color because of contamination from the environment.

38
Q

What is the apex?

A

Apex of each lung points upward and fits into a space bounded by upper ribs, sternum, and vertebrae.

39
Q

Aspiration:

A

entry of a liquid or solid material into the lungs; past the point of the true vocal folds.

40
Q

Aspiration the fluid enters the lungs because of inability to…

A

coordinate an appropriate swallow due to strength, sensation, or awareness.

41
Q

Patient who has aspirated has a voice that sounds…

A

wet or gurgle.

42
Q

Aspiration puts patient at risk for…

A

aspiration pneumonia (deadly).

43
Q

Able to observe aspiration through…

A

a modified barium swallow (MBS)

comd 3100 (13 decks)

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