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COMD 3100 > 2:1 Vertebral Column > Flashcards

2:1 Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral Column provides….

A

protection for the spinal cord.

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2
Q

The vertebral column consists of…

A

vertebra

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3
Q

Plural for vertebra is…

A

vertebrae

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4
Q

Total number of vertebrae:

A

33

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5
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the vertebral column and (# vertebrae)?

A
  1. Cervical (7)
  2. Thoracic (12 - parallels the 12 ribs of the thorax)
  3. Lumbar (5)
  4. Sacral (5)
  5. Coccygeal (4)
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6
Q

Vertebrae are numbered…

A

sequentially by sections.

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7
Q

Name the sequential sections.

A

Cervical:
C1-C7

Thoracic:
T1-T12

Lumbar:
L1-L5

Sacral:
S1-S5

Coccyx:
Fused - 3 or 4 fused vertebrae

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8
Q

C1 =

C2 =

A 
C1 = Atlas
C2 = Axis
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9
Q

Thoracic landmarks:

A
  • Superior and Inferior Costal Facets are points of attachment for ribs.
  • Transverse Costal Facets.
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10
Q

Intervertebral Discs:

A

Fibrocartilaginous discs found between vertebrae except for the first two (C1 and C2 - connected by dons and the odontoid ligament).

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11
Q

Intervertebral Discs provide…

A

a support and cushion for vertebrae.

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12
Q

How many intervertebral discs?

A

Approximately 24 discs.

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13
Q

Anatomy of a vertebrae- Each vertebrae contains each of these features (6):

A
  1. Spinous process
  2. Transverse process
  3. Corpus
  4. Vertebral foramen
  5. Intervertebral foramina
  6. Superior and Inferior Articular Facets
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14
Q

Spinous process:

A

prominent structure found on the posterior side of the vertebrae (think: you can feel this portion with your hands). Can be found just in the middle or on both sides depending on what vertebra.

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15
Q

Transverse process (both sides):

A

prominent structure found on both sides

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16
Q

Corpus (body):

A

anterior portion/body

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17
Q

Vertebral foramen:

A

prominent hole for the spinal cord to pass through

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18
Q

Intervertebral foramina:

A

small holes for the entrance and exiting of spinal nerves (nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord)

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19
Q

Superior and inferior articular facets:

A

allows for articulation with other vertebrae (other vertebral segments). Indentations found on the vertebrae that allow for articulation with other vertebrae allowing vertebrae to stack on top on one another.

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20
Q

Cervical Vertebrae compose the…

A

neck bones.

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21
Q

Cervical Vertebrae have a total of

A

7 vertebrae (C1-C7)

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22
Q

C1 =

A

Atlas

23
Q

C2 =

A

Axis

24
Q

3 things about the Atlas (C1):

A
  1. First Vertebrae
  2. Supports the weight of the skull
  3. Has a very small spinous process
25
Q

3 things about the Axis (C2):

A
  1. Fits into the Atlas
  2. Allows for rotation and pivoting of the skull
  3. Dens or Odontoid Process:
26
Q

4 things about the Dens or Odontoid Process:

A
  1. Protrudes through the vertebral foramen
  2. Helps prevent damage to the spinal cord
  3. This is where it attaches to the Atlas and allows for unprecedented movement.
  4. Transverse Ligament
27
Q

Transverse Ligament

A
  • surrounds the odontoid process and allows for movement of odontoid process
  • helps hold Atlas and Axis together.
28
Q

SLIDE: CERVICAL VERTEBRAE (4 characteristics)

A
  1. These types of vertebrae are very small and delicate
  2. Small Transverse Process on each side
  3. Transverse Foramen that allows for passage of the spinal nerves to enter and exit
  4. Superior articular facet and inferior articular facet that allows for the interaction between each of the cervical vertebrae and the very last cervical vertebrae that will interact with the first thoracic vertebrae.
29
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae have a total of:

A

12 Total (T1-T12)

30
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae have a larger….

A

Larger spinous and transverse processes than cervical vertebrae

31
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae contain…

A

Contain superior and inferior costal facets

32
Q

Superior and inferior costal facets:

A

Indentations found on the thoracic vertebrae that allows for the attachment point for the ribs

33
Q

Ribs attach to thoracic vertebrae via the…

A

superior and inferior costal facets

34
Q

Which ribs have a 1:1 arrangement (rib# attaches to the same vertebrae#)

A

Ribs 1, 10, 11, and 12

rib 1 attaches to vertebrae 1, rib 10 attaches to vertebrae 10, etc

35
Q

What ribs attach to the transverse costal facets as well as attach to the body (inferior costal facet) of the vertebrae above it?

A

Ribs 2-9

36
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae have a total of:

A

5 (L1-L5)

37
Q

Lumbar are the…

A

Largest and strongest vertebrae because they bear the most weight during lifting or walking

38
Q

Lumbar provide attachment points for..

A

back and abdominal muscles

39
Q

L5 is the…

A

thickest Lumbar Vertebrae (can see how they thicken as you go lower)

40
Q

Sacrum has a total of…

A

5 sacral vertebrae (S1-S5)

41
Q

Sacral vertebrae form the sacrum by….

A

fusing together (ossify)

42
Q

Sacral foramina provide a passageway for…

A

sacral nerves

43
Q

Coccyx has…

A

4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

44
Q

Coccyx appearance =

A

beak-like appearance

45
Q

Coccyx articulates with..

A

sacrum by means of small disc

46
Q

Normal Spine Curvature (2):

A
  1. Straight from anterior to posterior with very slight curve to right
  2. Straight or slightly curved forward in cervical area, convex in thoracic region, concave in lumbar and convex in sacral area.
47
Q

Abnormal Spine Curvature (3):

A
  1. Scoliosis
  2. Kyphosis (“hunchback”)
  3. Lordosis (“swayback”)
48
Q

Scoliosis:

A

lateral curve

49
Q

Kyphosis:

A

“hunchback”, abnormal convexity in thoracic region

50
Q

Lordosis

A

“swayback”, abnormal concavity in lumbar or cervical region

51
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries:

A

Result of impact can cause the vertebral column to undergo stresses that can tear the spinal cord.

52
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries often can results in….

A

Often can result in loss of motor and sensory function to the area below the spinal cord injury.

53
Q

Spinal Cord injuries may result in…(2)

A

paraplegia (legs paralyzed), or

quadriplegia (both arms and legs paralyzed)

COMD 3100 (13 decks)

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