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Chegg Decks > 1st Test for Flight Academics > Flashcards

1st Test for Flight Academics Flashcards

1
Q

The METAR is a report that is issued ___.

A

hourly

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2
Q

What kind of report is made anytime there is a significant change in the weather (other than hourly) at the observation station?

A

Special Report (SPECI)

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3
Q

METAR KOZR 100955z would indicate an hourly report for what time on the current date?

A

1000z

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4
Q

The wind direction is given in degrees from ___ north and wind speed is always in ___.

A
  • true
  • knots
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5
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The force exerted by the weight of a column of air

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6
Q

What is the standard sea level pressure in inches of mercury?

A

29.92” Hg

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7
Q

What is the standard sea level temperature in degrees Celsius?

A

15 degrees C

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8
Q

What is the standard temperature lapse rate with altitude?

A

2 degrees C for every 1,000 ft. of altitude

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9
Q

A change in 1 inch of mercury pressure is equal to approximately ___ feet of altitude.

A

1,000 ft.

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10
Q

Define impact pressure.

A

Static pressure plus dynamic pressure

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11
Q

Define static pressure.

A
  • Ambient atmospheric pressure
  • Static pressure is also known as Ram, Total, or Pitot pressure
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12
Q

Which instruments depend on static pressure only?

A
  • Altimeter
  • Vertical Speed Indicator
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13
Q

Which instrument depends on both impact (dynamic) and static pressure?

A

Airspeed indicator

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14
Q

What pressures affect the pitot static system?

A

Dynamic and Static pressure

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15
Q

Name and define the three types of airspeed.

A

– Indicated - read from the dial on the face of the instrument.

– Calibrated - IAS corrected for instrument and position error.

– True - CAS corrected for density error.

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16
Q

Name and explain the three errors in the airspeed indicator.

A

– Installation Error - misalignment of the Pitot tube with the relative wind and position of the static vents.

– Density Error - caused by pressure and temperature changes, air less dense as altitude increases.

– Instrument Error - caused by friction in the instrument

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17
Q

Is the instantaneous vertical speed indicator (IVSI) a pressure differential measuring instrument?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What does the setting knob on the altimeter change when it is tuned?

A

Kollsman setting and position of the needles

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19
Q

A change of .15 inch of mercury pressure is equal to ___ feet.

A

150

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20
Q

Define indicated altitude.

A

Altitude as read on the dial with a current altimeter setting

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21
Q

Define true altitude.

A

Altitude above MSL

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22
Q

Define pressure altitude.

A

Altitude above the standard datum plane (29.92” Hg)

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23
Q

Define absolute altitude.

A

Altitude above the terrain (AGL)

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24
Q

Define altimeter setting.

A

Station pressure corrected to MSL

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25
Q

Why is an altimeter setting necessary?

A

To correct for pressure changes

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26
Q

What is the maximum allowable error in the altimeter?

A

+/- 75 feet (FAA), aviators should check operator or maintenance manual to confirm accurate limit for their aircraft.

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27
Q

When flying into an area of lower pressure without resetting the altimeter, would your true altitude be higher or lower than your indicated altitude?

A

Lower

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28
Q

When flying into an area of higher pressure without resetting the altimeter, would your true altitude be higher or lower than your indicated altitude?

A

Higher

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29
Q

If you depart a base with an altimeter setting of 29.82 and an hour later receive a new altimeter setting of 30.22, how much higher or lower than indicated altitude would true altitude be prior to adjusting the altimeter to the new setting?

A

400 feet higher than indicated altitude

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30
Q

At the last reporting point, you corrected the altimeter by setting the Kollsman scale on 29.92” Hg. Prior to landing, you received a new setting of 29.80. What is your true altitude in relation to indicated altitude (before you reset the altimeter)?

A

120 feet lower than indicated altitude

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31
Q

When flying into an area of colder than standard temperature, would the indicated altitude be higher or lower than true altitude?

A

Higher

32
Q

The ___ stops function properly due to pitot icing.

A

Airspeed indicator

33
Q

What is the recommended corrective action when the static system is clogged?

A

Switch to an alternate source

34
Q

TRUE or FALSE. High DA and low air density mean nearly the same thing.

A

TRUE

35
Q

What causes density error?

A

Nonstandard pressure and temperature (atmospheric conditions)

36
Q

Define true airspeed.

A

Calibrated airspeed (CAS) corrected for density error.

37
Q

Listed below are examples of Newton’s Laws of Motion. Indicate which law is involved in each.
1. Torque effect - ___
2. More power is needed to obtain a desired RPM than is needed to maintain the RPM - ___
3. Greater load, less acceleration - ___

A
  1. Action / Reaction
  2. Inertia
  3. Acceleration
38
Q

If the airflow atop the airfoil increases, static pressure will ___ and dynamic pressure will ___.

A
  • decrease
  • increase
39
Q

Define center of pressure.

A

The point along the chord line of an airfoil through which all aerodynamic forces are considered to act.

40
Q

Define airfoil.

A

Any surface designed to produce lift when air is passed over it

41
Q

List the two basic types of airfoils.

A
  • Symmetrical
  • Nonsymmetrical
42
Q

Six descriptions of airfoil (blade) sections are listed. Give the airfoils terms that match the descriptions.
1. Rounded edge - ___
2. Straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge - ___
3. Upper curvature - ___
4. Lower shape - ___
5. The length of the rotor blade from the point of rotation to the tip of the blade - ___
6. Tapered edge - ___

A
  1. Leading edge
  2. Chord
  3. Upper camber
  4. Lower camber
  5. Span
  6. Trailing edge
43
Q

Define rotational relative wind as applied to an airfoil.

A

The flow of air parallel and opposite to the flight path of a rotating airfoil produced by the rotor blades turning about the mast.

44
Q

Define induced flow.

A

Downward flow of air through the rotor blades

45
Q

Define resultant relative wind.

A

Rotational relative wind modified by induced flow

46
Q

How is the angle of incidence measured in a rotary-wing aircraft?

A

The angle between the chord of an airfoil and the plane of rotation (tip path plane)

47
Q

Define angle of attack.

A

The angle between the chord of an airfoil and the resultant relative wind

48
Q

Which flight control changes the angle of incidence differentially around the rotor system?

A

Cyclic pitch control

49
Q

With an increase in the speed of air over a surface, what happens to dynamic and static pressure?

A

dynamic pressure increases, static pressure decreases

50
Q

List the two components of total aerodynamic force.

A

Lift and Drag

51
Q

Describe the relationship of lift to resultant relative wind.

A

It is perpendicular to resultant relative wind

52
Q

Describe the relationship between drag and resultant relative wind.

A

Drag is parallel to and in the same direction of the resultant relative wind.

53
Q

Indicate whether the drag is induced, parasitic, or profile:
1. Rotor-tip vortices - ___
2. Lift and total aerodynamic force tilting rearward on the airfoil - ___
3. Skin friction on the fuselage - ___
4. Skin friction on the airfoil - ___
5. Non-streamlined fuselage - ___

A
  1. Induced
  2. Induced
  3. Parasitic
  4. Profile
  5. Parasitic
54
Q

Which type of drag decreases with an increase in airspeed?

A

Induced

55
Q

Which type of drag increases with an increase in airspeed?

A

Parasitic

56
Q

Define dissymmetry of lift.

A

Unequal lift between advancing and retreating halves of the rotor disk.

57
Q

Relative wind velocity on the advancing blade equals blade speed ___ airspeed.

A

Plus

58
Q

Relative wind velocity on the retreating blade equals blade speed ___ airspeed.

A

Minus

59
Q

What causes the advancing blade to flap up?

A

An increase in lift

60
Q

What causes the retreating blade to flap down?

A

A decrease in lift

61
Q

How does the helicopter compensate for dissymmetry of lift?

A

Flapping

62
Q

How does the pilot control dissymmetry of lift?

A

Cyclic Feathering

63
Q

Define blowback.

A

Change in the attitude of the rotor system

64
Q

How does the pilot correct for blowback?

A

Cyclic Feathering

65
Q

Which forces in the lift equation can the pilot control?

A

The Coefficient of Lift (CL) (through AOA) and the relative wind velocity (or airspeed V2).

66
Q

What are the three factors in air density (1/2 rho) that will affect lift?

A
  • Pressure
  • Temperature
  • Humidity
67
Q

A semi-rigid disk tilts relative to the ___.

A

Mast

68
Q

An articulated disk tilts relative to the ___.

A

Hub

69
Q

Define centrifugal force.

A

Outward force produced whenever a body moves in a curved path

70
Q

Define rotor blade coning.

A

Upward flexing of the rotor blades

71
Q

Rotor blade coning is a compromise between which two forces?

A

Lift and centrifugal force

72
Q

Define gyroscopic precession.

A

When a force is applied to a rotating body, it will manifest 90 degrees after application in the direction of rotation.

73
Q

Why is blade twisting necessary?

A

To distribute the lifting force more evenly along the blade

74
Q

A pedal turn to the right requires ___ power than a pedal turn to the left.

A

Less

75
Q

Define translating tendency.

A

Tendency of a single rotor helicopter to drift right while hovering.

76
Q

List four methods used to overcome translating tendency in single rotor helicopters:____________

A
  1. Rigging the cyclic
  2. Tilting the mast
  3. Left cyclic
  4. Automatic flight-control/stabilization augmentation system

Chegg Decks (24 decks)

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