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physical - yr2, s1 > 1d > Flashcards

1d Flashcards

1
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

conservation of energy

internal energy = heat + work

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2
Q

are changes in internal energy path dependent of path independent

A

theyre path independent

as long as A and B are in the same place,, any closed route u take to get from A to B will not use up internal energy.

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3
Q

another way of saying ‘closed route’ to get from A to B

A

closed pathways!!

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4
Q

how is the state of a system specified

A

u use A and B etc

so U.A and U.B

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5
Q

what is U

A

internal energy
its a state function

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6
Q

whats a state function

A

its value doesnt depend on the route // closed pathway u take to get there!!

it does depend on the state of the system tho!!!

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7
Q

what is the statistical interpretation of internal energy

A

that internal energy results from the sum of the energy of the components of a system.

aka u sum all the energy that the individual atoms // molecules have in the system to find the system internal energy

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8
Q

if heat is added to the system (ideal gas) ,, what can it do

A

it can do work on the environment!!!

due to gaining kinetic energy and expanding,, pushing the walls of the container

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9
Q

what is the equation that shows that for a clsoed system,, providing it with heat will make it do work on the environment

A

curly q = curly U - p curly V

where q is heat,, U is internal energy,, p is pressure and V is volume

curly just means change in

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10
Q

what is a clsoed system

A

a system where there is no exchange of mass between the system and the environment.

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11
Q

in the equation that shows how adding heat in a closed system makes the system do work on the environment:
curly q = curly U - p curly V,, what values are dependent on the pathway

A

curly q and p curlyV are dependent on the transformation pathway.

they arent state functions

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12
Q

how do we find change in internal energy

A

change in internal enrgy = U.B - U.A

aka the internal enrgy of point B (larger value) - internal energy of point A (smaller energy)

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13
Q

what is change in internal energy dependednt on,, if to find it we do U.B - U.A

A

if depends on the psoition // values of the U.B and U.A

aka it depends on the value of internal energies.

if theres a bigger diff between them,, the change in internal energy will be much larger.

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14
Q

what is curly W ,, its definition

A

mechanical work done due to a change in volume

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15
Q

what is curly W,, the equation

A

curly W = -p dV

where p is pressure
and V is change in volume
W is the mechanical work doe due to a change in pressure.

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16
Q

what is the equation for total mechanical work done

A

W = -p dV : but its integral,, where we integrate it with respect to the volume values!! aka Vb and Va.

this also equals: -NRT ln( VB/VA)

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17
Q

what is the equation of total mechanical work done: simplified version,, where theres no integration

A

-NRT ln( VB /VA)

where N is moles
R is gas constant
T is temp
VB and VA are the different volume values.

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18
Q

what finding the total mechanical work done,, W,, what do we keep constant and what do we change

A

w change volume

we keep temp constant

19
Q

bc the total mechanical work done is : -NRT ln(VB/VA),, what does this mean and tell us about what the system is doing

A

it tells us that the system is transfering energy to the environment

bc theres a negative sign

which means total mechanical work will be a negative value.

aka work is being done to the environment.

20
Q

what does U,, internal energy depend on

A

it depends on Volume, Temp, Nk aka amount of moles.

21
Q

okayt so how can we find change in internal energy

A

we need to add the effects of temp, vol and moles on U,, internal energy up!!!!

we keep the others constant for each one.

dU = (dU/dT) + (dU/dNk) + (dU / dV)

22
Q

what is C.vm

A

molar heat capactity when volume is constant

23
Q

quation for molar heat capacity at constant volume,, Cvm

A

(dQ/dT)v = (dV/dT)v

when N = 1

24
Q

what is To

A

To is a reference temperature

25
Q

what is Vo

A

Vo is an additive constant

26
Q

what does internal energy equal when Cvm is independent from room temp and its an ideal gas

A

U.ideal = Cvm x NT + Vo

where Cvm is molar heat cap at constant volume

N = moles
T = temp
Vo is additive constant

27
Q

Cvm for a monatomic ideal gas

A

3/2R

28
Q

Cvm for a diatomic ideal gas

A

5/2R

29
Q

at constant volume,, the heat capacity = what

aka Cv =

A

Cv = (dU/dT)v
U = internal energy
T = temp

30
Q

at constant pressure,, the heat capacity = what

A

Cp = (dQ/dT)p

where Q is heat transferred between a system and its surroundings
T is temp

31
Q

for an ideal gas,, what does (dU/dV)T equal

A

equals 0

aka the internal energy doesnt change with volume if temp is the same

32
Q

for 1 mol of ieal gas,, does PV = RT

A

yesss

33
Q

in an ideal gas,, wehat does R equal

A

R = p(dU/dT)p

34
Q

Cpm - Cvm =

A

R

35
Q

what counts as an adiabatic process in an ideal gas

A

when u have an ideal gas and the state of the system changes whithout any heat exchange

36
Q

what is it called when the state of a system changes without heat exchange

A

its called an adiabatic process

37
Q

what does curly Q equal in an adiabatic process,, aka a process where the state of a system changes without heat exchange

A

curly Q = 0

bc there is no heat exchange

38
Q

so in an adiabatic process,, what does dQ =

A

dQ = dU + pdV

= (dU/dT)v dT + (dU/dV)T dV+pdV = 0

39
Q

for an ideal gas what does U(T) equal to

A

U

40
Q

what does Cvm,N in an ideal gas equal to

A

(dU/dT)v

41
Q

in an ideal gas,, CvmN dT + pdV = what

A

= 0

we need to integrate dt and dv tho

to get Cvm NdT + RT/V dV = 0

42
Q

dT/T + (Cpm-Cvm // cvm x V) dV =

A

0

43
Q

TV ^y-1 is a

A

constant

y = gamma

44
Q

what is y,, aka gamma

A

y = cpm / cvm

physical - yr2, s1 (19 decks)

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