19. Voluntary motion Flashcards by Priyanka Barad

what are the cortical areas associated with voluntary motion

primary motor cortex

supp. motor cortex

pre-motor cortex

(also parts of prefrontal & parietal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the role of the premotor cortex

recieve sensory info required to move

dorsal: determine whether its appropriate to move

identifies intent & decids what motion to produce

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the two divisions of the supp motor cortex

supplementary motor area (SMA)

pre-supp motor area (pre-SMA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the fxn of the SMA

organize motor sequence

aquire motor skills

& executive control (decide when to switch actions)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the fxn of the primary motor cortex

control specific movements (esp with arm/leg toward body)

-fine motion = more represented in cortex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is the primary motor cortex arranged &

what are the fxns of the layers

6 layers w/ columns w/i

2 sets of neurons in each column: 1 to start & other to maintain

layer 4: sensory input (M/joint proprio)

layer 5: output for CST (pyramidal) path - synapse with alpha/gamma MN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when controlling fine motion stimulation of the primary motor cortex will-

contract a single M

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when controlling a general motion, stimulation of the primary motor cortex will —

contract a GROUP of Ms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are organizations of the columns

neighboring columns - control related MOTION

2 kinds of columns

on/off for agonist
off/on for antagonist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the dorsal visual pathway & what does it do

contain axons from occipital cortex & travel to parietal/frontal cortex

=input –> complete motor acts based on visual inputs (allow reaching & grasping)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where is info relayed to from the visual cortex for reaching

V6A

PEc

MIP (medial intraparietal area)

VIP (ventral intraparietal area)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the VIP do

create rough map of space you’re in

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where is info sent after the VIP for reaching motions

what is the end result

sent to F4 (w/i premotor cortex)

F4 creates detailed map & neurons are excited based on proximity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the second path for reaching & what is it for

rely on superior parietal cortex –> send input to F2

-tells you where your arm is based on visual info

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the roles of F2 & F4

F2: location of arm

F4: location of object

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the ant intraparietal area (AIA) & PFG

contain neurons that excite in response to seeing an object to grasp & grasping an object

define visually dominant

motor dom

visuomotor neurons

visually dom = neurons for seeing an object

motor dom: neurons for grasping an object

visuomotor neurons: excite with both

where do AIA & RFG relay info

neurons that excite based on GOAL of the action

what are the roles of the cerebellum

sequence complex actions
correct force/direction
balance/eye movement
learning complex actions (M memory)

what are the roles of the two regions of the spinocerebellum

central: postural control
lateral: force/direction

what is the role of the cerebrocerebellum

plan complex motions

sequence

what are the parts & function of the vestibulocerebellum

flocculus & nodulous

balance/eye movement (future)

what are the inpots of the central resion of the spinocerebellum

vestibular/visual & auditory - proprioception

efferent copy: info about M thats contracting

what are the deep cerebellar nuclei & outputs for the central region of the spinocerebellum

interpostius & fastigial

neurons to the rubrospinal tract

what are the inputs/outputs of the lateral region of the spinocerebellum

input: M afferents & efferent copies output: interpositis nucleus to rubrospinal tract - correct ongoing motions & control ballistic motions

what are the inputs & outputs of the cerebrocerebellum

inputs: all regions of the cerebral cortex (NO efferent bc no motion yet) output: dentate --\> back to cortex = rapid movements & planning

what are the inputs and outputs of the vestibulocerebellum

input: vestibular apparatus output: fastigial nucleus to vestibular nuclei (ascend or descend)

what does the basal ganglia do

control beginning & end of movement -works by inhibition or removal of inhibition

draw/explain direct path of basal ganglia -what is the outcome

movement! activate direct & inactivate indirect

draw/explain the indirect path of basal ganglia what is the outcome

inhibit movement

what is the source of the DA in the direct/indirect path

SNpc

what is the fxn of the prefrontal cortex

planning of complex motor action & carrying out of "thought" process

what occur when you plan a complex motor movement

prefrontal cortex interact with PTO association area & all levels of motor cortex/cerebellum -frontal association area, supp motor cortex, premotor cortex & cerebrocerebellum

what is the general path of activation of voluntary movement

1. plan & approve motion (communication of motor areas) 2. activate primary motor cortex 3. axons down pyramidal cells & activate alpha MN 4. innervate M --\> complete motion

if the brain activated alpha MNs, it will

also actiavte gamma MNs for M spindles in the contracting M (decrease sensitivity) --\> allow contraction & opposite if inhibiting -inhibit both to allow stretch