19 Level Flight And The Climb

Question 1

Describe Trim Drag

Answer 1

The induced drag produced from the downforce of the tail plane countering the nose down force.

L = Weight + Downforce

Question 2

What is the Load Factor

Answer 2

Load Factor = L/W

Question 3

In a steady climb, what are the equations for:

• Lift
• Thrust

And what does this tell us?

Answer 3

• Lift = Weight x Cos(gamma)
• Thrust = Drag + (Weight x Sin(gamma))

Tells us:

• W > L
• T > D
• Load factor (L/W) < 1

Question 4

What is Excess Thrust?

Answer 4

Excess Thrust is the margin between the maximum thrust and required thrust (drag).

Excess Thrust = Trust - Drag

Question 5

Factors affecting Climb Angle

Answer 5

A steeper climb angle is possible if:

• Thrust is increased
• Drag is reduced (or kept to a minimum)
• Weight of the AC is reduced

Question 6

Vx

Answer 6

The speed for best angle of climb

Question 7

Vmp

Answer 7

Velocity of minimum power

Question 8

Effect of altitude on Climb angle:

Answer 8

As altitude increases, thrust decreases.

Therefore pitch angle must reduce.
Otherwise could stall.

Question 9

Formula for Gradient % of climb

Answer 9

Grad % = ((T-D)/W)*100

• Rule of thumb: 5% = 3 degrees

Question 10

What is the Load Factor In a climb?

Answer 10

LF = Cos (Gamma)

Question 11

1 nm in ft

Answer 11

1 nm = 6080 ft

Question 12

Horizontal distance vs Vertical distance vs % Gradient:

Answer 12

Very Good Homes:

    V  G%    H 

V= (G% x H) / 100
G% = (V / H) * 100
H = (V / G%) * 100

Question 13

What does it mean if an AC is said to be in the second segment?

Answer 13

One engine out

Question 14

What is the minim climb % Grad for,

• 2 engine
• 3 engine
• 4 engine

Answer 14

• 2 engine: 2.4%
• 3 engine: 2.7%
• 4 engine: 3.0%

Question 15

In a climb what are the angles involved?

Answer 15

Flight Path (Climb) angle + AOA = Pitch angle