19. Amphibians

Question 1

what are tetrapods? two features

Answer 1

four limbed vertabrates that are gnathastomes (jawed vertabrates)

Question 2

how long ago did Tetrapods evolved? what features changed?

Answer 2

300 MYA fish with lobe-fins evolved into Tetrapods. this was during the Carboniferous period

Question 3

what was a speices that exihits both tetrapod and lobe-fish phenotypes? when did it live

Answer 3

the fishapod - Tiktaalik that lived around 375 MYA

Question 4

name four characteristics of a Tetrapod

Answer 4

four limbs

pelivc girdle fused to the backbone

no pharyngeal slits in extant species

ears adapted to airbourne sounds

Question 5

what class are salamanders, frogs and caecillians apart of?

Answer 5

class amphibia

Question 6

what are the three orders scientific names?

Answer 6

salamanders - urodela

frogs - anura

caecilians - apoda

Question 7

how do urodela (salamanders) move? what does this resemble?

Answer 7

with a side to side bending which may resmble the swagger of terrestrial tetrapod ancestors

Question 8

define paedomorphosis

Answer 8

larval and juvennile features of an ANCESTRAL organism displayed in adult forms of DECENDANTS

Question 9

what order of amphibians display paedeomorphosis?

Answer 9

salamanders - retentions of gills and other larval features while sexually mature in the mudpuppy

Question 10

what are the two ways gas exchange occurs in amphibians?

Answer 10

lungs and skin

Question 11

what are the benefits of a three chambered heart (2 points)

Answer 11

seperates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs and skin through a pulmocutaneous circuit

Question 12

what are the three surfaces for gas exchange in amphibians? also what do frogs use?

Answer 12

skin, lungs and mouth. Frogs use a bucal pumps, not their chest to inflate lungs

Question 13

what are five features of urodelca?

Answer 13

tropical habitats

carnivourous

eggs laid in water

parental care in some species

paedomorphosis in some species

Question 14

what are four features of apoda?

Answer 14

limbless

tropical habitats

burrowing or aquatic

internal fertilisation

Question 15

what is the defining characteristic and three other points about anura?

Answer 15

anura are the only group with larval metamorphosis

vocal communication

young are herbavours, adults are carnivours

communication in colours and movements