183 Unit 3 Flashcards
Extended release capsules or tablets
Slow shredding of multiple layers of the tablet. Slow release from my wax matrix which make the medication available for absorption in the G.I. tract as the wax melt. Release of medication at different times from beads inside a capsule. Slow release of medication through a laser hole in the coding, as the content swells the medication is pushed out. The purpose of extended release medication is to,Produce a therapeutic effect for an extended time. Obtain a therapeutic effect with the word tablets or capsules. Require fewer dollars per day. Increase patient compliance. Reduce or eliminate side effects. Never trust you or broken.
Short hands for extended release
CD - Continuous dose. CR or CRT-Controlled release. LA-Long acting. SA-Sustain action.SR-Sustain or slow release. T,TR,TD-Time release
Enteric coated
Designed to release medication after they have passed from the stomach and into the intestine. They have a special coating on the outside. Cannot be crossed Jude or broken for years of administration this would cause irritation of the stomach lining or the acidity of the stomach would render the drug in active.
Purpose of enteric coat
Prevent stomach irritation. Prevent destruction of the drug by gastric juice in the stomach. Prevent nausea and vomiting.
Recognizing enteric Coates med
A word or abbreviation added to the brand name for example enseal, entangled, filmtab, EC. Show me appear to be cover with a hard shiny cold like an Eminem candy or may appear very dog.
Medication error
Any preventable event In which a patient fails to receive a medication as intended by the prescriber.
Prescriber
Who is writing the medication order is the first link in the drug therapy chain.
Drug therapy chain
Prescriber - pharmacist - nurse
Kardex or medication administration record(MAR)
A list of particular patient meds, which the nurse use to administer the patient med
The five rights
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time. Extra - right documentation, patient right to refuse, right assessment, right patient education, right evaluation
Validate medication
When you take the medication out of the patient drawer, as you pour the medication, at the bedside administratering the drug. Drug name, dose, route, frequency, time, and whether or not it has already been given.
The three a for med administration
Arm and, allergies, assessment
Chemical name
Identifies the drug atomic and molecular structure using exact chemical language and terminology.
Generic name
Which identifies the drug active ingredient is the name assigned by the manufacturer that first developed a drug.The generic name is derived from the chemical name. The generic name is not alone by any drug company and is universally accepted. The official name is often the generic name.
Official name
Identify in the Oh Fishel publication united state pharmacopeia and national formulary - USP AND NF
Tradename
The brand name of proprietary name Is selected by the pharmaceutical company that sells the drug and is protected by trademark.
Capsule
Powder or gel form of an active drug enclosed in a gelantinois container may also be called liquigel
Elixir
Medication in a clear liquid containing Water alcohol sweetener and flavor
Enteric Coated
A tablet or pill coated to prevent stomach irritation
Extended release
Slow in continuous release over a pre-determined.
Liniment
Medication mixed with alcohol oil or soap which is rub on the skin
Lotion
Drug particles in a solution for topical use
Lozenge
Small oval, Round or oblong preparation containing a drug in a flavored or sweeten base which dissolve in the mouth and release the medication also call troche
Ointment
Semisolid preparation containing a drug to be applied externally also called an unction
Pill
Mixtures of a powdered drug with a cohesive material may be round or oval
Powder
Single or mixture of finely ground drugs
Solution
A drug dissolved in another substance
Suppository
An easily melted medication preparation in a firm base such as gelatin that is inserted into the body - rectum, vagina, urethra
Suspension
Finely divided undissolved particles in a liquid medium should be shaken before use
Syrup
Medication combined with a water and sugar solution
Tablet
Small solid dose of medication compressed or molded may be any color size or shape
Transdermal patch
Unit dose of medication applied directly to skin for diffusion through skin and absorption into the bloodstream
Pharmacotherapeutics
The achievement of the desire therapeutic goals from drug therapy
Pharmacokinetic
The effect of the body on the drug, Once the drugs enter the body. It is the movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to the drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Absorption
The process by which a drug is transferred from its side of entry into the body to the bloodstream.
Rate of absorption
Drugs given orally usually take the longest.Injected medication absorbed more rapidly than oral. Intravenous directly into the bloodstream the quickest.
Lipids solubility
Cell membrane have a fatty acid layer. Drug that is more lipid soluble can be absorbed more readily and passed more easily through the cell membrane.
pH
Acidic drugs are well absorb in the stomach. Drugs that are basic remains ionized or insoluble in an acid environment and not absorbed before reaching the small intestine.
Blood flow
Absorption is increased with increased blood flow.
Distribution
Occurs after a drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream and the drug is distributed throughout the body becoming available to body fluids and body tissue.
Metabolism or bio transformation
The change of a drug from its original form to a new form.
Excretion
The process of removing a drug or it’s metabolites from the body
Pharmacodynamics
The process by which drug Alter cell physiology and a fact the body
Adverse drug effect
Undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect of a drug
Allergic effect
And immune system response that occurs when the body interpret The administered drugs as a foreign substance and form antibodies against the drug. The most serious allergic effect is called anaphylactic reaction.
Drug tolerance
Occurs when the body becomes a custom to the effect of a particular drug over a period of time
Toxic effect
Specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry rest or permanent damage or death
Cumulative effect
When the body cannot metabolize one dose of a drug before another dose is administered.
Idiosyncratic effect
Any unusual or particular response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or even the opposite of the expected response.
Anatagonist effect
The combine effect of two or more drugs acting simultaneously produce an effect either less than that of each drug alone
Synergistic effect
Greater than that of each drug alone
Teratogenic
Known to have the potential to cause develop mental defect in the embryo or fetus and are definitely contradicted.
Ethnopharmacology
The study of the effects of ethnicity on responses to prescribe medication especially drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion.
Pharmacogenetics
The study of genetic variation in response to drug
