1.8 Religion pre-1685 Flashcards
regarding the Jansenists: what happened in 1661?
Louis decides on harsher measures to root out Jansenism
- all French clergy were made to sign a formulary against Jansenism
- Jesuit doctrines were imposed on Port Royal
- new nuns were forbidden
- scholars were expelled from the convent
- the nuns refused this
regarding the Jansenists: what happened in 1665?
Pope Alexander VII issued an anti-Jansenist papal bull called Regiminis Apostolici
- it declared that Jansenist propositions in Augustinus were heretical
- 200 men and 20 police officers were sent to port royal to force compliance
- the nuns once again refused
regarding the Jansenists: what happened in 1667?
Alexander VII dies
he is replaced by Clement IX who was more conciliatory towards Jansenists
regarding the Jansenists: what happened in 1668?
the peace of the church
- gave Jansenists the right to respectful silence
- withdrew armed guards
- permitted the nuns to live and teach freely
regarding the Jansenists: what happened in 1668-1677?
Jansenism continued to frustrate Louis
- Jansenists bishops opposed the regale (see papacy)
- port royal produced anti-Jesuit literature
regarding the Jansenists: what happened in 1677?
Louis passes an edict suppressing Jansenism
- in both paris and port royal
- the nunnery was ordered to reduce its numbers to only 50 women
regarding the Jansenists: what happened in 1679?
Madame de Longueville dies
she was the sister of Conde, former frondeur and then protectress of the Jansenist nuns at Port Royal
What happened in the rule of Alexander VII?
1655-1667
the pope is under the control of Louis
5- 1662: Corsican guards incident - corsican guards fired shots at the coach of the French ambassador
- 1664: the pope apologises - Alexander was forced into a humiliating apology, erected a monument in Rome and accepted French embassy diplomatic and legal immunity from the papal police
- 1664: the issuing of regiminis apostolici - condemning Jansenists
What happened in the rule of Clement IX
1667-1669
the pope gets along with Louis
- 1668: peace of the church - Jansenists given the right to respectful silence
What happened in the rule of Innocent XI?
1676-1689
the pope stands up to Louis
1673-75: the regale is extended
- this was the right to collect revenue from empty dioceses in northern France
- he extended it to all of France
- Clement did not oppose him but two Jansenist bishops did
1682: the four gallican articles
- Louis denied the revenues of the two jansenist bishops who opposed the extension of the regale
- Innocent in response threatened to excommunicate Louis
- Louis passed the 4 gallican articles that reaffirmed the kings rights that he was not subordinate to Rome in non-spiritual matters and that the pope is not infallible
- withdrawn in 1693
1683: Louis refused to help defend Christendom in Vienna from Ottoman attack - he puts dynastic rivalry above the defense of the Christian faith (Leibniz, most christian turk)
1685: increased persecution of Huguenots through the edict of fontainebleau
what was Louis’ approach to the Huguenots from 1661-1679?
they were made to feel uncomfortable but were not directly persecuted
restrictions imposed on marriages and funerals
schools and churches closed
they were bribed to abandon their faith
- a government department was set up for conversions called the casse de conversions
- they claimed to have converted 50,000 with a rate of 10 livres a head
- converts were also exempt from the taille and those who didn’t convert had to pay quadruple the taille
- during this time the total number of Huguenots fell from 2 million to 1 and 1/4 million
what was Louis’ approach to the Huguenots from 1679-1684?
Louis adopted more aggressive policies
- the chambre l’edit which had protected Huguenot interests was abolished
- in 1680 all conversions from Catholocism to protesantism were banned
- churches were demolished
- children were taken at young ages to be converted to catholocism
- men were beaten, women raped, children terrorised and property destroyed
what happened in 1685?
the revocation of the edict of nantes resulting in the edict of fontainebleau
all protestant worship was banned
- 1,450 were sent to the galleys
- 200,000 emigrated
- 50,000 went to england
- 10,000 fought for william of orange in the coming wars
what was the pope’s response to Louis’ treatment of the huguenots?
he said that ‘christ had never used soldiers to convert people’
what was general French reaction to the treatment of the huguenots?
it was widely celebrated
- when Louis returned to Paris after the revocation he was met by a big crowd that chanted ‘long live the king’
- Huguenots were unpopular and envied for their wealth
- the devots were happy with his decision
