1.8 - Chile Flashcards

1
Q

What effect does a high silica concentration in lava have on the properties of the lava and the ensuing eruption?

A
  • Lava has a higher gas content
  • Higher pressures within the magma chamber
  • Violent eruptions
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2
Q

What are the properties of andesitic lava?

A
  • very viscous
  • large silica concentration
  • large gas content
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3
Q

What sort of volcanoes are made by andesitic lava?

A

Composite volcanoes

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4
Q

How do earthquakes occur at destructive plate boundaries?

A
  • oceanic and continental plate move against each other
  • tension builds up as plates catch on each other
  • pressure is released when plates give way
  • EQ occurs
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5
Q

How does the depth of an earthquake affect its magnitude?

A
  • shallower earthquakes have a larger magnitude
  • as more energy reaches surface
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6
Q

What are locked faults?

A
  • faults which do not slip due to high friction between both plates at boundary
  • accumulate large amounts of stress
  • very high magnitude EQs
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7
Q

What is the Benioff zone?

A
  • An area of seismicity
  • along the boundary where the subducting plate meets less dense plate
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8
Q

What sort of plate boundary are the Andes on?

A
  • Convergent/destructive
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9
Q

What are the potential secondary effects of an earthquake in the Andes?

A
  • landslides
  • avalanches
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10
Q

Which plates interact at the Andes?

A

Nazca and Antarctic plates subduct under South American plate

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11
Q

What factors cause stresses on a rock face?

A
  • angle of slope
  • saturation of the face
  • vibrations
  • sea, cliff erosion at base
  • earthquakes
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12
Q

What factors add to the strength of a rock face?

A
  • consolidation of material
  • rock type
  • porosity of soil
  • tree/vegetation roots
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13
Q

How does the formation of mountains create hazards?

A
  • steepness of mountains can give rise to a large likelihood of landslides
  • height of mountains causes moist air from sea to condense, thus rainfall
  • folding of rock layers when mountains form creates faults and weaknesses within rock, landslides likely
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14
Q

How does hydrology play into everything?

A
  • rainfall caused by high mountain/volcano peaks pushing moist air higher
  • condensation
  • snow can accumulate to form glaciers, resulting steep valley sides
  • increased stress on mountains
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